Introduce component architecture and menu component

- Introduce base class for all apps that will contain components. With
  unittests.

- Introduce base classes for components. With unittests.

- Turn Menu class into an app component.

  - Further cleanup Menu class.

  - Update tests.

  - Maintain a global list of menu items and look them up easily. Generalize
    such that subsubmenus can later be merged into Menu class.

  - Cleanup scope of main menu initialization.

  - Use None instead of empty strings for various values. Ensure that
    printing short_description does not show 'None' in output.

  - Use enable/disable instead of promote/demote.

- Use menu component in all apps.

Signed-off-by: Sunil Mohan Adapa <sunil@medhas.org>

plinth/app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#
+# This file is part of Plinth.
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
+# published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+# License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+"""
+Base class for all Freedombox applications.
+"""
+
+import collections
+
+
+class App:
+    """Implement common functionality for an app.
+
+    An app is composed of components which actually performs various tasks. App
+    itself delegates tasks for individual components. Applications can show a
+    variation their behavior by choosing which components to have and by
+    customizing the components themselves.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Initialize the app object."""
+        self.components = collections.OrderedDict()
+
+    def add(self, component):
+        """Add a component to an app."""
+        self.components[component.component_id] = component
+        return self
+
+    def enable(self):
+        """Enable all the components of the app."""
+        for component in self.components.values():
+            component.enable()
+
+    def disable(self):
+        """Enable all the components of the app."""
+        for component in self.components.values():
+            component.disable()
+
+    def is_enabled(self):
+        """Return whether all the leader components are enabled."""
+        return all((component.is_enabled()
+                    for component in self.components.values()
+                    if component.is_leader))
+
+    def set_enabled(self, enabled):
+        """Update the status of all follower components.
+
+        Do not query or update the status of the leader components.
+
+        """
+        for component in self.components.values():
+            if not component.is_leader:
+                if enabled:
+                    component.enable()
+                else:
+                    component.disable()
+
+
+class Component:
+    """Interface for an app component."""
+
+    is_leader = False
+
+    def __init__(self, component_id):
+        """Intialize the component."""
+        if not component_id:
+            raise ValueError('Invalid component ID')
+
+        self.component_id = component_id
+
+    def enable(self):
+        """Enable the component."""
+
+    def disable(self):
+        """Disable the component."""
+
+
+class FollowerComponent(Component):
+    """Interface for an app component that follows other components.
+
+    These components of the app don't determine if the app is enabled or not.
+
+    """
+
+    is_leader = False
+
+    def __init__(self, component_id, is_enabled=False):
+        """Intialize the component."""
+        super().__init__(component_id)
+        self._is_enabled = is_enabled
+
+    def is_enabled(self):
+        """Return whether the component is enabled."""
+        return self._is_enabled
+
+    def enable(self):
+        """Enable the component."""
+        self._is_enabled = True
+
+    def disable(self):
+        """Disable the component."""
+        self._is_enabled = False
+
+
+class LeaderComponent(Component):
+    """Interface for an app component that decides the state of the app.
+
+    These components determine if the app is enabled or not.
+
+    """
+
+    is_leader = True
+
+    def is_enabled(self):
+        """Return if the component is enabled."""
+        raise NotImplementedError

plinth/context_processors.py

@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ Django context processors to provide common data to templates.
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _, ugettext_noop
 import re
 
-from plinth import cfg
+from plinth import cfg, menu
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import is_user_admin
 
 
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ def common(request):
     active_menu_urls = [request.path[:index + 1] for index in slash_indices]
     return {
         'cfg': cfg,
-        'submenu': main_menu.active_item(request),
+        'submenu': menu.main_menu.active_item(request),
         'active_menu_urls': active_menu_urls,
         'box_name': _(cfg.box_name),
         'user_is_admin': is_user_admin(request, True)

plinth/menu.py

@@ -17,106 +17,88 @@
 
 from django.urls import reverse, reverse_lazy
 
-from plinth.utils import format_lazy
+from plinth import app
 
 
-class Menu(object):
+class Menu(app.FollowerComponent):
-    """One menu item."""
+    """Component to manage a single menu item."""
 
-    def __init__(self, name="", short_description="", icon="", url="#",
+    _all_menus = {}
-                 order=50):
+
+    def __init__(self, component_id, name=None, short_description=None,
+                 icon=None, url_name=None, url_args=None, url_kwargs=None,
+                 parent_url_name=None, order=50):
         """Initialize a new menu item with basic properties.
 
-        icon is the icon to be displayed for the menu item.
+        name is the label of the menu item.
-        Choose from the Fork Awesome set:
-        https://forkawesome.github.io/Fork-Awesome/icons/
 
-        url is the url location that will be activated when the menu
+        short_description is an optional description shown on the menu item.
-        item is selected.
 
-        order is the numerical rank of this item within the menu.
+        icon is the icon to be displayed for the menu item. Choose from the
-        Lower order items appear closest to the top/left of the menu.
+        Fork Awesome set: https://forkawesome.github.io/Fork-Awesome/icons/
-        By convention, we use the spectrum between 0 and 100 to rank
+
-        orders, but feel free to disregard that.  If you need more
+        url_name is the name of url location that will be activated when the
-        granularity, don't bother renumbering things.  Feel free to
+        menu item is selected. This is not optional. url_args and url_kwargs
-        use fractional orders.
+        are sent to reverse() when resolving url from url_name.
+
+        parent_url_name optionally specifies the menu item under which this
+        menu item should become a child.
+
+        order is the numerical rank of this item within the menu. Lower order
+        items appear closest to the top/left of the menu. By convention, we use
+        the spectrum between 0 and 100 to rank orders, but feel free to
+        disregard that. If you need more granularity, don't bother renumbering
+        things. Feel free to use fractional orders.
 
         """
+        super().__init__(component_id)
+        if not url_name:
+            raise ValueError('Valid url_name is expected')
+
+        url = reverse_lazy(url_name, args=url_args, kwargs=url_kwargs)
+
         self.name = name
         self.short_description = short_description
         self.icon = icon
         self.url = url
         self.order = order
-        self.secondary = True
-        # TODO: With an ordered dictionary for self.items we could access the
-        # items by their URL directly instead of searching for them each time,
-        # which we do currently with the 'get' method
         self.items = []
 
-    def get(self, urlname, url_args=None, url_kwargs=None):
+        # Add self to parent menu item
+        if parent_url_name:
+            parent_menu = self.get(parent_url_name)
+            parent_menu.items.append(self)
+
+        # Add self to global list of menu items
+        self._all_menus[url] = self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get(cls, urlname, url_args=None, url_kwargs=None):
         """Return a menu item with given URL name."""
         url = reverse(urlname, args=url_args, kwargs=url_kwargs)
-        for item in self.items:
+        return cls._all_menus[url]
-            if str(item.url) == url:
-                return item
-
-        raise KeyError('Menu item not found')
 
     def sorted_items(self):
         """Return menu items in sorted order according to current locale."""
         return sorted(self.items, key=lambda x: (x.order, x.name.lower()))
 
-    def add_urlname(self, name, icon, urlname, short_description="", order=50,
-                    url_args=None, url_kwargs=None):
-        """Add a named URL to the menu (via add_item).
-
-        url_args and url_kwargs will be passed on to Django reverse().
-
-        """
-        url = reverse_lazy(urlname, args=url_args, kwargs=url_kwargs)
-        item = Menu(name=name, short_description=short_description, icon=icon,
-                    url=url, order=order)
-        self.items.append(item)
-
-        return item
-
     def active_item(self, request):
         """Return the first active item (e.g. submenu) that is found."""
         for item in self.items:
             if request.path.startswith(str(item.url)):
                 return item
 
-    def promote_item(self, urlname, url_args=None, url_kwargs=None):
+        return None
-        """Promote a secondary item to an item."""
-        found_item = None
-        url = reverse(urlname, args=url_args, kwargs=url_kwargs)
-        for item in self.items:
-            if str(item.url) == url:
-                found_item = item
-
-        if found_item:
-            found_item.secondary = False
-        else:
-            raise KeyError('Menu item not found')
-
-    def demote_item(self, urlname, url_args=None, url_kwargs=None):
-        """Demote an item to a secondary item."""
-        found_item = None
-        url = reverse(urlname, args=url_args, kwargs=url_kwargs)
-        for item in self.items:
-            if str(item.url) == url:
-                found_item = item
-
-        if found_item:
-            found_item.secondary = True
-        else:
-            raise KeyError('Menu item not found')
 
 
-main_menu = Menu()
+main_menu = None
 
 
 def init():
     """Create main menu and other essential menus."""
-    main_menu.add_urlname('', 'fa-download', 'apps')
+    global main_menu
-    main_menu.add_urlname('', 'fa-cog', 'system')
+    main_menu = Menu('menu-index', url_name='index')
+    Menu('menu-apps', icon='fa-download', url_name='apps',
+         parent_url_name='index')
+    Menu('menu-system', icon='fa-cog', url_name='system',
+         parent_url_name='index')

plinth/modules/avahi/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ FreedomBox app for service discovery.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import actions, cfg
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 from plinth.views import ServiceView
 
@@ -55,11 +56,25 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'ServiceDiscovery'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class AvahiApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Avahi."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-avahi', name, None, 'fa-compass',
+                              'avahi:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the service discovery module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-compass', 'avahi:index')
+    app = AvahiApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
     global service  # pylint: disable=W0603
     service = service_module.Service(managed_services[0], name, ports=['mdns'],

plinth/modules/backups/__init__.py

@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ import os
 from django.utils.text import get_valid_filename
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import actions, cfg
+from plinth import actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
 from . import api
@@ -46,24 +47,43 @@ manual_page = 'Backups'
 
 MANIFESTS_FOLDER = '/var/lib/plinth/backups-manifests/'
 ROOT_REPOSITORY = '/var/lib/freedombox/borgbackup'
-ROOT_REPOSITORY_NAME = format_lazy(_('{box_name} storage'),
+ROOT_REPOSITORY_NAME = format_lazy(
-                                   box_name=cfg.box_name)
+    _('{box_name} storage'), box_name=cfg.box_name)
 ROOT_REPOSITORY_UUID = 'root'
 # session variable name that stores when a backup file should be deleted
 SESSION_PATH_VARIABLE = 'fbx-backups-upload-path'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class BackupsApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for backup and restore."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-backups', name, None, 'fa-files-o',
+                              'backups:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-files-o', 'backups:index')
+    app = BackupsApp()
+
+    global service
+    setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
+    if setup_helper.get_state() != 'needs-setup':
+        app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
     """Install and configure the module."""
     helper.install(managed_packages)
-    helper.call('post', actions.superuser_run, 'backups', ['setup', '--path',
+    helper.call('post', actions.superuser_run, 'backups',
-                                                           ROOT_REPOSITORY])
+                ['setup', '--path', ROOT_REPOSITORY])
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
 
 
 def _backup_handler(packet, encryption_passphrase=None):
@@ -102,8 +122,8 @@ def _restore_exported_archive_handler(packet, encryption_passphrase=None):
     """Perform restore operation on packet."""
     locations = {'directories': packet.directories, 'files': packet.files}
     locations_data = json.dumps(locations)
-    actions.superuser_run('backups', ['restore-exported-archive', '--path',
+    actions.superuser_run('backups',
-                                      packet.path],
+                          ['restore-exported-archive', '--path', packet.path],
                           input=locations_data.encode())
 
 
@@ -111,8 +131,9 @@ def restore_archive_handler(packet, encryption_passphrase=None):
     """Perform restore operation on packet."""
     locations = {'directories': packet.directories, 'files': packet.files}
     locations_data = json.dumps(locations)
-    arguments = ['restore-archive', '--path', packet.path, '--destination',
+    arguments = [
-                 '/']
+        'restore-archive', '--path', packet.path, '--destination', '/'
+    ]
     if encryption_passphrase:
         arguments += ['--encryption-passphrase', encryption_passphrase]
     actions.superuser_run('backups', arguments, input=locations_data.encode())

plinth/modules/bind/__init__.py

@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@ import re
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import actions
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
-from plinth import action_utils
+from plinth import app as app_module
-from plinth import cfg
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
 from .manifest import backup
@@ -84,17 +83,32 @@ listen-on-v6 { any; };
 };
 '''
 
+app = None
+
+
+class BindApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Bind."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-bind', name, short_description,
+                              'fa-globe-w', 'bind:index',
+                              parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the BIND module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-globe-w', 'bind:index', short_description)
+    app = BindApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
     if setup_helper.get_state() != 'needs-setup':
         service = service_module.Service(managed_services[0], name,
                                          ports=['dns'], is_external=False)
+        app.set_enabled(True)  # XXX: Perform better check
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -107,6 +121,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                                          enable=enable, disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', actions.superuser_run, 'bind', ['setup'])
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
 
 
 def force_upgrade(helper, _packages):
@@ -117,11 +132,13 @@ def force_upgrade(helper, _packages):
 def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['enable', managed_services[0]])
+    app.enable()
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['disable', managed_services[0]])
+    app.disable()
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/cockpit/__init__.py

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure Cockpit.
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules import names
 from plinth.signals import domain_added, domain_removed, domainname_change
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
@@ -59,12 +60,25 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'Cockpit'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class CockpitApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Cockpit."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-cockpit', name, short_description,
+                              'fa-wrench', 'cockpit:index',
+                              parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-wrench', 'cockpit:index',
+    app = CockpitApp()
-                     short_description)
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -76,6 +90,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
     domain_added.connect(on_domain_added)
     domain_removed.connect(on_domain_removed)
@@ -117,12 +132,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('cockpit', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
+    app.enable()
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('cockpit', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('cockpit')
+    app.disable()
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/config/__init__.py

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ import augeas
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy
 
 from plinth import actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import menu
 from plinth.modules import firewall
 from plinth.modules.names import SERVICES
 from plinth.signals import domain_added
@@ -45,6 +46,20 @@ APACHE_HOMEPAGE_CONFIG = os.path.join(APACHE_CONF_ENABLED_DIR,
 FREEDOMBOX_APACHE_CONFIG = os.path.join(APACHE_CONF_ENABLED_DIR,
                                         'freedombox.conf')
 
+app = None
+
+
+class ConfigApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for basic system configuration."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-config', ugettext_lazy('Configure'), None,
+                              'fa-cog', 'config:index',
+                              parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def get_domainname():
     """Return the domainname"""
@@ -89,8 +104,9 @@ def get_home_page():
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the module"""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(ugettext_lazy('Configure'), 'fa-cog', 'config:index')
+    app = ConfigApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
     # Register domain with Name Services module.
     domainname = get_domainname()

plinth/modules/coquelicot/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ Plinth module to configure coquelicot.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
 
@@ -52,12 +53,25 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'Coquelicot'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class CoquelicotApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Coquelicot."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-coquelicot', name, short_description,
+                              'coquelicot', 'coquelicot:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'coquelicot', 'coquelicot:index',
+    app = CoquelicotApp()
-                     short_description)
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -70,7 +84,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('coquelicot:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -87,8 +101,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                                          is_running=is_running)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'coquelicot:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -113,16 +126,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('coquelicot', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('coquelicot:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('coquelicot', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('coquelicot')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('coquelicot:index')
 
 
 def get_current_max_file_size():

plinth/modules/datetime/__init__.py

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ import subprocess
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 
 from .manifest import backup
 
@@ -46,11 +47,25 @@ manual_page = 'DateTime'
 
 service = None
 
+app = None
+
+
+class DateTimeApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for date and time."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-datetime', name, None, 'fa-clock-o',
+                              'datetime:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the date/time module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-clock-o', 'datetime:index')
+    app = DateTimeApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -67,6 +82,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                                          is_external=True)
     service.enable()
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/deluge/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure a Deluge web client.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules.users import register_group
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
@@ -55,11 +56,24 @@ clients = clients
 
 manual_page = 'Deluge'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class DelugeApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Deluge."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-deluge', name, short_description, 'deluge',
+                              'deluge:index', parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the Deluge module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'deluge', 'deluge:index', short_description)
+    app = DelugeApp()
     register_group(group)
 
     global service
@@ -71,7 +85,7 @@ def init():
                                          disable=disable)
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('deluge:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -86,8 +100,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                                          disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'deluge:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -105,16 +118,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('deluge', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('deluge:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('deluge', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('deluge')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('deluge:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/diagnostics/__init__.py

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ FreedomBox app for system diagnostics.
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 from plinth import action_utils
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import menu
 
 from .manifest import backup
 
@@ -39,11 +40,25 @@ description = [
 
 manual_page = 'Diagnostics'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class DiagnosticsApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for diagnostics."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-diagnostics', name, None, 'fa-heartbeat',
+                              'diagnostics:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the module"""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-heartbeat', 'diagnostics:index')
+    app = DiagnosticsApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/diaspora/__init__.py

@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@
 
 import os
 
+import augeas
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-import augeas
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
 from plinth.errors import DomainNotRegisteredError
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
 domain_name_file = "/etc/diaspora/domain_name"
@@ -72,23 +73,37 @@ description = [
 from .manifest import clients  # isort:skip
 clients = clients
 
+app = None
+
+
+class DiasporaApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Diaspora."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-diaspora', name, short_description,
+                              'diaspora', 'diaspora:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the Diaspora module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-diaspora', 'diaspora:index', short_description)
+    app = DiasporaApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
     if setup_helper.get_state() != 'needs-setup':
-        service = service_module.Service(
+        service = service_module.Service(managed_services[0], name, ports=[
-            managed_services[0], name, ports=['http', 'https'],
+            'http', 'https'
-            is_external=True, is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable,
+        ], is_external=True, is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable,
-            disable=disable)
+                                         disable=disable)
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('diaspora:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -97,8 +112,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
     helper.install(managed_packages)
     helper.call('custom_config', actions.superuser_run, 'diaspora',
                 ['disable-ssl'])
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'diaspora:index')
 
 
 def setup_domain_name(domain_name):
@@ -131,16 +145,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('diaspora', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('diaspora:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('diaspora', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('diaspora')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('diaspora:index')
 
 
 def is_user_registrations_enabled():
@@ -172,8 +184,9 @@ def diagnose():
         action_utils.diagnose_url('http://diaspora.localhost', kind='6',
                                   check_certificate=False))
     results.append(
-        action_utils.diagnose_url('http://diaspora.{}'.format(
+        action_utils.diagnose_url(
-            get_configured_domain_name()), kind='4', check_certificate=False))
+            'http://diaspora.{}'.format(get_configured_domain_name()),
+            kind='4', check_certificate=False))
 
     return results
 

plinth/modules/dynamicdns/__init__.py

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ FreedomBox app to configure ez-ipupdate client.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import actions, cfg
+from plinth import actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth.modules import firewall
 from plinth.modules.names import SERVICES
 from plinth.signals import domain_added
@@ -57,11 +58,24 @@ reserved_usernames = ['ez-ipupd']
 
 manual_page = 'DynamicDNS'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class DynamicDNSApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Dynamic DNS."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-dynamicdns', name, None, 'fa-refresh',
+                              'dynamicdns:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-refresh', 'dynamicdns:index')
+    app = DynamicDNSApp()
     current_status = get_status()
     if current_status['enabled']:
         services = get_enabled_services(current_status['dynamicdns_domain'])
@@ -69,6 +83,7 @@ def init():
             sender='dynamicdns', domain_type='dynamicdnsservice',
             name=current_status['dynamicdns_domain'],
             description=_('Dynamic DNS Service'), services=services)
+        app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):

plinth/modules/ejabberd/__init__.py

@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ import logging
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules import config
 from plinth.signals import (domainname_change, post_hostname_change,
                             pre_hostname_change)
@@ -72,11 +73,25 @@ port_forwarding_info = [
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+app = None
+
+
+class EjabberdApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for ejabberd."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-ejabberd', name, short_description,
+                              'ejabberd', 'ejabberd:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the ejabberd module"""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'ejabberd', 'ejabberd:index', short_description)
+    app = EjabberdApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -88,7 +103,7 @@ def init():
             enable=enable, disable=disable)
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('ejabberd:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
     pre_hostname_change.connect(on_pre_hostname_change)
     post_hostname_change.connect(on_post_hostname_change)
@@ -113,8 +128,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
             enable=enable, disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'ejabberd:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -133,16 +147,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('ejabberd', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('ejabberd:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('ejabberd', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('ejabberd')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('ejabberd:index')
 
 
 def on_pre_hostname_change(sender, old_hostname, new_hostname, **kwargs):

plinth/modules/firewall/__init__.py

@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ import logging
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 import plinth.service as service_module
-from plinth import actions, cfg
+from plinth import actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth.signals import service_enabled
 from plinth.utils import Version, format_lazy
 
@@ -52,11 +53,25 @@ LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 _port_details = {}
 
+app = None
+
+
+class FirewallApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Firewall."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-firewall', name, None, 'fa-shield',
+                              'firewall:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initailze firewall module"""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-shield', 'firewall:index')
+    app = FirewallApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
     service_enabled.connect(on_service_enabled)
 

plinth/modules/help/help.py

@@ -28,21 +28,43 @@ from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy
 
-from plinth import __version__, actions, cfg
+from plinth import __version__, actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, menu
+
+app = None
+
+
+class HelpApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for showing help."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-help', ugettext_lazy('Documentation'),
+                              None, 'fa-book', 'help:index',
+                              parent_url_name='index')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-help-manual', ugettext_lazy('Manual'),
+                              None, 'fa-info-circle', 'help:manual',
+                              parent_url_name='help:index', order=10)
+        self.add(menu_item)
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-help-download-manual',
+                              ugettext_lazy('Download Manual'), None,
+                              'fa-download', 'help:download-manual',
+                              parent_url_name='help:index', order=15)
+        self.add(menu_item)
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-help-about', ugettext_lazy('About'), None,
+                              'fa-star', 'help:about',
+                              parent_url_name='help:index', order=100)
+        self.add(menu_item)
 
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the Help module"""
-    menu = main_menu.add_urlname(
+    global app
-        ugettext_lazy('Documentation'), 'fa-book', 'help:index')
+    app = HelpApp()
-    menu.add_urlname(
+    app.set_enabled(True)
-        ugettext_lazy('Manual'), 'fa-info-circle', 'help:manual', order=10)
-    menu.add_urlname(
-        ugettext_lazy('Download Manual'), 'fa-download',
-        'help:download-manual', order=15)
-    menu.add_urlname(
-        ugettext_lazy('About'), 'fa-star', 'help:about', order=100)
 
 
 def index(request):

plinth/modules/i2p/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure I2P.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules.i2p.resources import FAVORITES
 from plinth.modules.users import register_group
 
@@ -72,11 +73,24 @@ tunnels_to_manage = {
     'Irc2P': 'i2p-irc-freedombox'
 }
 
+app = None
+
+
+class I2PApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for I2P."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-i2p', name, short_description, 'i2p',
+                              'i2p:index', parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'i2p', 'i2p:index', short_description)
+    app = I2PApp()
     register_group(group)
 
     global service, proxies_service
@@ -93,7 +107,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('i2p:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -118,7 +132,6 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
 
         helper.call('post', actions.superuser_run, 'i2p', args)
 
-
     # Tunnels to all interfaces
     for tunnel in tunnels_to_manage:
         helper.call('post', actions.superuser_run, 'i2p', [
@@ -140,8 +153,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', proxies_service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'i2p:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -166,16 +178,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('i2p', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('i2p:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('i2p', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('i2p')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('i2p:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/ikiwiki/__init__.py

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure ikiwiki.
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules.users import register_group
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
@@ -63,11 +64,25 @@ group = ('wiki', _('View and edit wiki applications'))
 
 manual_page = 'Ikiwiki'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class IkiwikiApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Ikiwiki."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-ikiwiki', name, short_description,
+                              'ikiwiki', 'ikiwiki:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the ikiwiki module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'ikiwiki', 'ikiwiki:index', short_description)
+    app = IkiwikiApp()
     register_group(group)
 
     global service
@@ -78,7 +93,7 @@ def init():
             is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable, disable=disable)
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcuts()
-            menu.promote_item('ikiwiki:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -92,8 +107,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
             is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable, disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcuts)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'ikiwiki:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcuts():
@@ -114,16 +128,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('ikiwiki', ['enable'])
     add_shortcuts()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('ikiwiki:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('ikiwiki', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('ikiwiki*')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('ikiwiki:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/infinoted/__init__.py

@@ -21,14 +21,13 @@ FreedomBox app for infinoted.
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import actions
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
-from plinth import action_utils
+from plinth import app as app_module
-from plinth import cfg
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
-from plinth import frontpage
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 from plinth.views import ServiceView
+
 from .manifest import backup, clients
 
 version = 1
@@ -56,11 +55,25 @@ clients = clients
 
 port_forwarding_info = [('TCP', 6523)]
 
+app = None
+
+
+class InfinotedApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for infinoted."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-infinoted', name, short_description,
+                              'infinoted', 'infinoted:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the infinoted module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'infinoted', 'infinoted:index', short_description)
+    app = InfinotedApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -70,7 +83,7 @@ def init():
         ], is_external=True, enable=enable, disable=disable)
         if service.is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('infinoted:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 class InfinotedServiceView(ServiceView):
@@ -93,8 +106,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
 
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'infinoted:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -108,16 +120,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['enable', managed_services[0]])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('infinoted:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['disable', managed_services[0]])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('infinoted')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('infinoted:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/jsxc/__init__.py

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ import logging
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import frontpage
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
 
@@ -48,11 +48,24 @@ service = None
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+app = None
+
+
+class JSXCApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for JSXC."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-jsxc', name, short_description, 'jsxc',
+                              'jsxc:index', parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the JSXC module"""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'jsxc', 'jsxc:index', short_description)
+    app = JSXCApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -62,7 +75,7 @@ def init():
             is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable, disable=disable)
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('jsxc:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -76,8 +89,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
             is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable, disable=disable)
 
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'jsxc:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -94,11 +106,9 @@ def is_enabled():
 
 def enable():
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('jsxc:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('jsxc')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('jsxc:index')

plinth/modules/letsencrypt/__init__.py

@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ import logging
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, module_loader
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, menu, module_loader
 from plinth.errors import ActionError
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules import config, names
 from plinth.signals import domain_added, domain_removed, domainname_change
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
@@ -67,11 +68,27 @@ MODULES_WITH_HOOKS = ['ejabberd', 'matrixsynapse']
 LIVE_DIRECTORY = '/etc/letsencrypt/live/'
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+app = None
+
+
+class LetsEncryptApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Let's Encrypt."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-letsencrypt', name, short_description,
+                              'fa-lock', 'letsencrypt:index',
+                              parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-lock', 'letsencrypt:index', short_description)
+    app = LetsEncryptApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
+
     domainname_change.connect(on_domainname_change)
     domain_added.connect(on_domain_added)
     domain_removed.connect(on_domain_removed)
@@ -108,8 +125,8 @@ def enable_renewal_management(domain):
         try:
             actions.superuser_run('letsencrypt', ['manage_hooks', 'enable'])
             logger.info(
-                _('Certificate renewal management enabled for {domain}.')
+                _('Certificate renewal management enabled for {domain}.').
-                .format(domain=domain))
+                format(domain=domain))
         except ActionError as exception:
             logger.error(
                 _('Failed to enable certificate renewal management for '
@@ -188,8 +205,8 @@ def on_domain_removed(sender, domain_type, name='', **kwargs):
         return True
     except ActionError as exception:
         logger.warn(
-            ('Failed to revoke certificate for domain {domain}: {error}')
+            ('Failed to revoke certificate for domain {domain}: {error}'
-            .format(domain=name, error=exception.args[2]))
+             ).format(domain=name, error=exception.args[2]))
         return False
 
 

plinth/modules/matrixsynapse/__init__.py

@@ -25,9 +25,10 @@ from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from ruamel.yaml.util import load_yaml_guess_indent
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
 
@@ -68,12 +69,25 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 SERVER_NAME_PATH = "/etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/server_name.yaml"
 CONFIG_FILE_PATH = '/etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class MatrixSynapseApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Matrix Synapse."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-matrixsynapse', name, short_description,
+                              'matrixsynapse', 'matrixsynapse:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the matrix-synapse module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'matrixsynapse', 'matrixsynapse:index',
+    app = MatrixSynapseApp()
-                     short_description)
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -84,7 +98,7 @@ def init():
                                          disable=disable)
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('matrixsynapse:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -101,8 +115,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                 ['post-install'])
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'matrixsynapse:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -127,16 +140,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('matrixsynapse', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('matrixsynapse:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('matrixsynapse', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('matrixsynapse')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('matrixsynapse:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/mediawiki/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure MediaWiki.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
 
@@ -55,11 +56,25 @@ manual_page = 'MediaWiki'
 
 clients = clients
 
+app = None
+
+
+class MediaWikiApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for MediaWiki."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-mediawiki', name, short_description,
+                              'mediawiki', 'mediawiki:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'mediawiki', 'mediawiki:index', short_description)
+    app = MediaWikiApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -69,7 +84,7 @@ def init():
             is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable, disable=disable)
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('mediawiki:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -91,8 +106,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
         )
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'mediawiki:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -111,16 +125,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('mediawiki', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('mediawiki:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('mediawiki', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('mediawiki')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('mediawiki:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/minetest/__init__.py

@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ import augeas
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
@@ -73,11 +74,25 @@ reserved_usernames = ['Debian-minetest']
 CONFIG_FILE = '/etc/minetest/minetest.conf'
 AUG_PATH = '/files' + CONFIG_FILE + '/.anon'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class MinetestApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Minetest."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-minetest', name, short_description,
+                              'minetest', 'minetest:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'minetest', 'minetest:index', short_description)
+    app = MinetestApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -87,7 +102,7 @@ def init():
         ], is_external=True, enable=enable, disable=disable)
         if service.is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('minetest:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -100,8 +115,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
         ], is_external=True, enable=enable, disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'minetest:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -115,16 +129,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['enable', managed_services[0]])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('minetest:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['disable', managed_services[0]])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('minetest')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('minetest:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/mldonkey/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ FreedomBox app for mldonkey.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules.users import register_group
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
@@ -61,11 +62,25 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'MLDonkey'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class MLDonkeyApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for MLDonkey."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-mldonkey', name, short_description,
+                              'mldonkey', 'mldonkey:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the MLDonkey module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'mldonkey', 'mldonkey:index', short_description)
+    app = MLDonkeyApp()
     register_group(group)
 
     global service
@@ -79,7 +94,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('mldonkey:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -96,8 +111,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                                          is_running=is_running)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'mldonkey:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -122,16 +136,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('mldonkey', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('mldonkey:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('mldonkey', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('mldonkey')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('mldonkey:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/monkeysphere/__init__.py

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ FreedomBox app for monkeysphere.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import menu
 
 from .manifest import backup
 
@@ -53,12 +54,26 @@ manual_page = "Monkeysphere"
 
 reserved_usernames = ['monkeysphere']
 
+app = None
+
+
+class MonkeysphereApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Monkeysphere."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-monkeysphere', name, None,
+                              'fa-certificate', 'monkeysphere:index',
+                              parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the monkeysphere module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(
+    app = MonkeysphereApp()
-        _('Monkeysphere'), 'fa-certificate', 'monkeysphere:index')
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):

plinth/modules/mumble/__init__.py

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure Mumble server.
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.views import ServiceView
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
@@ -59,11 +60,24 @@ port_forwarding_info = [
     ('UDP', 64738),
 ]
 
+app = None
+
+
+class MumbleApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Mumble."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-mumble', name, short_description, 'mumble',
+                              'mumble:index', parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the Mumble module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'mumble', 'mumble:index', short_description)
+    app = MumbleApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -74,7 +88,7 @@ def init():
 
         if service.is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('mumble:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 class MumbleServiceView(ServiceView):
@@ -96,8 +110,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
         ], is_external=True, enable=enable, disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'mumble:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -111,16 +124,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['enable', managed_services[0]])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('mumble:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['disable', managed_services[0]])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('mumble')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('mumble:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/names/__init__.py

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ import logging
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import cfg
+from plinth import app as app_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth.signals import domain_added, domain_removed
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
@@ -57,11 +57,25 @@ description = [
           'connections through the given name.'), box_name=(cfg.box_name))
 ]
 
+app = None
+
+
+class NamesApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for names."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-names', name, None, 'fa-tags',
+                              'names:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the names module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-tags', 'names:index')
+    app = NamesApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
     domain_added.connect(on_domain_added)
     domain_removed.connect(on_domain_removed)

plinth/modules/networks/__init__.py

@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ from logging import Logger
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, network
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import menu, network
 
 version = 1
 
@@ -38,17 +39,32 @@ logger = Logger(__name__)
 
 manual_page = 'Networks'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class NetworksApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Networks."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-networks', name, None, 'fa-signal',
+                              'networks:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the Networks module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-signal', 'networks:index')
+    app = NetworksApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
     """Install and configure the module."""
     helper.install(managed_packages)
     actions.superuser_run('networks')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/openvpn/__init__.py

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure OpenVPN server.
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
 from .manifest import backup
@@ -55,11 +56,25 @@ manual_page = 'OpenVPN'
 
 port_forwarding_info = [('UDP', 1194)]
 
+app = None
+
+
+class OpenVPNApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for OpenVPN."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-openvpn', name, short_description,
+                              'openvpn', 'openvpn:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the OpenVPN module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'openvpn', 'openvpn:index', short_description)
+    app = OpenVPNApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -69,7 +84,7 @@ def init():
 
         if service.is_enabled() and is_setup():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('openvpn:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -84,8 +99,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
 
     if service.is_enabled() and is_setup():
         add_shortcut()
-        menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+        helper.call('post', app.enable)
-        helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'openvpn:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -109,16 +123,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['enable', managed_services[0]])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('openvpn:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['disable', managed_services[0]])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('openvpn')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('openvpn:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/pagekite/__init__.py

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ FreedomBox app to configure PageKite.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import cfg
+from plinth import app as app_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
 from . import utils
@@ -76,12 +76,30 @@ description = [
 
 manual_page = 'PageKite'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class PagekiteApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Pagekite."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-pagekite', name, short_description,
+                              'fa-flag', 'pagekite:index',
+                              parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the PageKite module"""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-flag', 'pagekite:index',
+    app = PagekiteApp()
-                     short_description)
+
+    global service
+    setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
+    if setup_helper.get_state() != 'needs-setup':
+        app.set_enabled(True)  # XXX: Perform more proper check
 
     # Register kite name with Name Services module.
     utils.update_names_module(initial_registration=True)
@@ -90,3 +108,4 @@ def init():
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
     """Install and configure the module."""
     helper.install(managed_packages)
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)

plinth/modules/privoxy/__init__.py

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure Privoxy.
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 from plinth.views import ServiceView
 
@@ -62,11 +63,25 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'Privoxy'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class PrivoxyApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Privoxy."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-privoxy', name, short_description,
+                              'privoxy', 'privoxy:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'privoxy', 'privoxy:index', short_description)
+    app = PrivoxyApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -77,7 +92,7 @@ def init():
 
         if service.is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('privoxy:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -91,8 +106,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                                          enable=enable, disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'privoxy:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -106,16 +120,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['enable', managed_services[0]])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('privoxy:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['disable', managed_services[0]])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('privoxy')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('privoxy:index')
 
 
 class PrivoxyServiceView(ServiceView):

plinth/modules/quassel/__init__.py

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ FreedomBox app for Quassel.
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 from plinth.views import ServiceView
 
@@ -65,11 +66,25 @@ manual_page = 'Quassel'
 
 port_forwarding_info = [('TCP', 4242)]
 
+app = None
+
+
+class QuasselApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Quassel."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-quassel', name, short_description,
+                              'quassel', 'quassel:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the quassel module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'quassel', 'quassel:index', short_description)
+    app = QuasselApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -80,7 +95,7 @@ def init():
 
         if service.is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('quassel:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 class QuasselServiceView(ServiceView):
@@ -102,8 +117,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
         ], is_external=True, enable=enable, disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'quassel:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -117,16 +131,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['enable', managed_services[0]])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('quassel:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['disable', managed_services[0]])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('quassel')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('quassel:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/radicale/__init__.py

@@ -22,13 +22,14 @@ import logging
 import subprocess
 from distutils.version import LooseVersion as LV
 
-from apt.cache import Cache
 import augeas
+from apt.cache import Cache
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
@@ -69,11 +70,25 @@ CONFIG_FILE = '/etc/radicale/config'
 
 VERSION_2 = LV('2')
 
+app = None
+
+
+class RadicaleApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Radicale."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-radicale', name, short_description,
+                              'radicale', 'radicale:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the radicale module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'radicale', 'radicale:index', short_description)
+    app = RadicaleApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -86,7 +101,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('radicale:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -124,8 +139,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                                          is_running=is_running)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'radicale:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -182,16 +196,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('radicale', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('radicale:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('radicale', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('radicale')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('radicale:index')
 
 
 def load_augeas():

plinth/modules/repro/__init__.py

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ FreedomBox app for repro.
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.views import ServiceView
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
@@ -67,12 +68,24 @@ manual_page = 'Repro'
 
 port_forwarding_info = [('UDP', '1024-65535')]
 
+app = None
+
+
+class ReproApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Repro."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-repro', name, short_description, 'repro',
+                              'repro:index', parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the repro module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'repro', 'repro:index',
+    app = ReproApp()
-                     short_description)
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -83,7 +96,7 @@ def init():
 
         if service.is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('repro:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 class ReproServiceView(ServiceView):
@@ -106,8 +119,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
         ], is_external=True, enable=enable, disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'repro:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -121,16 +133,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['enable', managed_services[0]])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('repro:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['disable', managed_services[0]])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('repro')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('repro:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/restore/__init__.py

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ FreedomBox app to configure reStore.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import cfg
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
-from .manifest import clients
 
+from .manifest import clients
 
 version = 1
 
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ description = [
           'served from, the data can be stored on an unhosted storage '
           'server of user\'s choice.  With reStore, your {box_name} becomes '
           'your unhosted storage server.'), box_name=_(cfg.box_name)),
-
     _('You can create and edit accounts in the '
       '<a href=\'/restore/\'>reStore web-interface</a>.')
 ]
@@ -56,18 +55,32 @@ reserved_usernames = ['node-restore']
 
 service = None
 
+app = None
+
+
+class RestoreApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Restore."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-restore', name, short_description,
+                              'fa-hdd-o', 'restore:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the reStore module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-hdd-o', 'restore:index', short_description)
+    app = RestoreApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
     if setup_helper.get_state() != 'needs-setup':
-        service = service_module.Service(
+        service = service_module.Service(managed_services[0], name,
-            managed_services[0], name, ports=['http', 'https'],
+                                         ports=['http',
-            is_external=False)
+                                                'https'], is_external=False)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -75,6 +88,6 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
     helper.install(managed_packages)
     global service
     if service is None:
-        service = service_module.Service(
+        service = service_module.Service(managed_services[0], name,
-            managed_services[0], name, ports=['http', 'https'],
+                                         ports=['http',
-            is_external=False)
+                                                'https'], is_external=False)

plinth/modules/roundcube/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure Roundcube.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
 
@@ -60,11 +61,25 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'Roundcube'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class RoundcubeApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Roundcube."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-roundcube', name, short_description,
+                              'roundcube', 'roundcube:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'roundcube', 'roundcube:index', short_description)
+    app = RoundcubeApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -75,7 +90,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('roundcube:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -89,8 +104,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
         service = service_module.Service(
             'roundcube', name, ports=['http', 'https'], is_external=True,
             is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable, disable=disable)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'roundcube:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -108,16 +122,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('roundcube', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('roundcube:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('roundcube', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('roundcube')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('roundcube:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/searx/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure Searx.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules.users import register_group
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
@@ -52,11 +53,24 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'Searx'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class SearxApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Searx."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-searx', name, short_description, 'searx',
+                              'searx:index', parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'searx', 'searx:index', short_description)
+    app = SearxApp()
     register_group(group)
 
     global service
@@ -69,7 +83,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('searx:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -86,8 +100,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
         ], is_external=True, is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable,
                                          disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'searx:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -113,16 +126,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('searx', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('searx:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('searx', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('searx')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('searx:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/security/__init__.py

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ FreedomBox app for security configuration.
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 from plinth import actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import menu
 
 from .manifest import backup
 
@@ -43,11 +44,25 @@ ACCESS_CONF_SNIPPET = '-:ALL EXCEPT root fbx plinth (admin) (sudo):ALL'
 OLD_ACCESS_CONF_SNIPPET = '-:ALL EXCEPT root fbx (admin) (sudo):ALL'
 ACCESS_CONF_SNIPPETS = [OLD_ACCESS_CONF_SNIPPET, ACCESS_CONF_SNIPPET]
 
+app = None
+
+
+class SecurityApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for security."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-security', name, None, 'fa-lock',
+                              'security:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the module"""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-lock', 'security:index')
+    app = SecurityApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):

plinth/modules/shaarli/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure Shaarli.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 
 from .manifest import clients
 
@@ -48,12 +49,25 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'Shaarli'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class ShaarliApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Shaarli."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-shaarli', name, short_description,
+                              'shaarli', 'shaarli:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-bookmark', 'shaarli:index',
+    app = ShaarliApp()
-                     short_description)
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -64,7 +78,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('shaarli:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -77,8 +91,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
             is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable, disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'shaarli:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -96,13 +109,11 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('shaarli', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('shaarli:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('shaarli', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('shaarli')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('shaarli:index')

plinth/modules/shadowsocks/__init__.py

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure Shadowsocks.
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
 from .manifest import backup
@@ -56,12 +57,25 @@ description = [
 
 manual_page = 'Shadowsocks'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class ShadowsocksApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Shadowsocks."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-shadowsocks', name, short_description,
+                              'shadowsocks', 'shadowsocks:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'shadowsocks', 'shadowsocks:index',
+    app = ShadowsocksApp()
-                     short_description)
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -73,7 +87,7 @@ def init():
 
         if service.is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('shadowsocks:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -87,8 +101,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
         ], is_external=False, is_enabled=is_enabled, is_running=is_running,
                                          enable=enable, disable=disable)
 
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'shadowsocks:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -113,16 +126,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable service."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['enable', managed_services[0]])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('shadowsocks:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable service."""
     actions.superuser_run('service', ['disable', managed_services[0]])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('shadowsocks')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('shadowsocks:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/sharing/__init__.py

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ import json
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import actions, cfg
+from plinth import actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
 from .manifest import backup
@@ -35,16 +36,29 @@ name = _('Sharing')
 description = [
     format_lazy(
         _('Sharing allows you to share files and folders on your {box_name} '
-          'over the web with chosen groups of users.'), box_name=_(
+          'over the web with chosen groups of users.'),
-              cfg.box_name))
+        box_name=_(cfg.box_name))
 ]
 
+app = None
+
+
+class SharingApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for sharing files."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-sharing', name, None, 'sharing',
+                              'sharing:index', parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'sharing', 'sharing:index')
+    app = SharingApp()
-    menu.promote_item('sharing:index')
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def list_shares():

plinth/modules/snapshot/__init__.py

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ import augeas
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 from plinth import actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import menu
 from plinth.modules import storage
 
 from .manifest import backup
@@ -57,11 +58,29 @@ DEFAULT_FILE = '/etc/default/snapper'
 
 fs_types_supported = ['btrfs']
 
+app = None
+
+
+class SnapshotApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for snapshots."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-snapshot', name, None, 'fa-film',
+                              'snapshot:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-film', 'snapshot:index')
+    app = SnapshotApp()
+
+    global service
+    setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
+    if setup_helper.get_state() != 'needs-setup':
+        app.set_enabled(True)  # XXX: Perform better checks
 
 
 def is_supported():
@@ -77,12 +96,13 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
         helper.call('post', actions.superuser_run, 'snapshot',
                     ['setup', '--old-version',
                      str(old_version)])
+        helper.call('post', app.enable)
 
 
 def load_augeas():
     """Initialize Augeas."""
-    aug = augeas.Augeas(flags=augeas.Augeas.NO_LOAD +
+    aug = augeas.Augeas(
-                        augeas.Augeas.NO_MODL_AUTOLOAD)
+        flags=augeas.Augeas.NO_LOAD + augeas.Augeas.NO_MODL_AUTOLOAD)
 
     # shell-script config file lens
     aug.set('/augeas/load/Shellvars/lens', 'Shellvars.lns')

plinth/modules/ssh/__init__.py

@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ FreedomBox app for OpenSSH server.
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 from plinth import actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.views import ServiceView
 
 from .manifest import backup
@@ -48,15 +49,29 @@ service = None
 
 port_forwarding_info = [('TCP', 22)]
 
+app = None
+
+
+class SSHApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for SSH."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-ssh', name, None, 'fa-terminal',
+                              'ssh:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the ssh module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-terminal', 'ssh:index')
+    app = SSHApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
     global service
-    service = service_module.Service(
+    service = service_module.Service(managed_services[0], name, ports=['ssh'],
-        managed_services[0], name, ports=['ssh'], is_external=True)
+                                     is_external=True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):

plinth/modules/storage/__init__.py

@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@ import subprocess
 import psutil
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
 from plinth import utils
 from plinth.errors import PlinthError
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy, import_from_gi
 
 version = 3
@@ -54,11 +55,25 @@ manual_page = 'Storage'
 
 is_essential = True
 
+app = None
+
+
+class StorageApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for storage."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-storage', name, None, 'fa-hdd-o',
+                              'storage:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-hdd-o', 'storage:index')
+    app = StorageApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def get_disks():
@@ -267,11 +282,13 @@ def is_enabled():
 def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('udiskie', ['enable'])
+    app.enable()
 
 
 def disable():
     """Disable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('udiskie', ['disable'])
+    app.disable()
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):

plinth/modules/syncthing/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure Syncthing.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules.users import register_group
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
@@ -64,11 +65,25 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'Syncthing'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class SyncthingApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Syncthing."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-syncthing', name, short_description,
+                              'syncthing', 'syncthing:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'syncthing', 'syncthing:index', short_description)
+    app = SyncthingApp()
     register_group(group)
 
     global service
@@ -82,7 +97,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('syncthing:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -98,8 +113,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                                          is_running=is_running)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'syncthing:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -124,16 +138,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('syncthing', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('syncthing:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('syncthing', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('syncthing')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('syncthing:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/tahoe/__init__.py

@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ import os
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.utils import format_lazy
 
 from .errors import TahoeConfigurationError
@@ -57,6 +58,20 @@ introducers_file = os.path.join(
 introducer_furl_file = os.path.join(
     tahoe_home, '{0}/private/{0}.furl'.format(introducer_name))
 
+app = None
+
+
+class TahoeApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Tahoe LAFS."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-tahoe', name, short_description,
+                              'tahoe-lafs', 'tahoe:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def is_setup():
     """Check whether Tahoe-LAFS is setup"""
@@ -88,8 +103,8 @@ description = [
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'tahoe-lafs', 'tahoe:index', short_description)
+    app = TahoeApp()
 
     global service
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
@@ -102,7 +117,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('tahoe:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -130,8 +145,7 @@ def post_setup(configured_domain_name):
                                          is_running=is_running)
     service.notify_enabled(None, True)
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('tahoe:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -158,16 +172,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('tahoe-lafs', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('tahoe:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('tahoe-lafs', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('tahoe-lafs')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('tahoe:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/tor/__init__.py

@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ import json
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import service as service_module
 from plinth import action_utils, actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import menu
+from plinth import service as service_module
 from plinth.modules.names import SERVICES
 from plinth.signals import domain_added, domain_removed
 
@@ -61,18 +62,31 @@ bridge_service = None
 
 manual_page = 'Tor'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class TorApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Tor."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-tor', name, short_description, 'tor',
+                              'tor:index', parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'tor', 'tor:index', short_description)
+    app = TorApp()
 
     setup_helper = globals()['setup_helper']
     needs_setup = setup_helper.get_state() == 'needs-setup'
 
     if not needs_setup:
         if utils.is_enabled():
-            menu.promote_item('tor:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
         global socks_service
         socks_service = service_module.Service(
@@ -137,8 +151,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
         helper.call('post', bridge_service.notify_enabled, None, True)
 
     helper.call('post', update_hidden_service_domain)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'tor:index')
 
 
 def enable():
@@ -148,8 +161,7 @@ def enable():
     elsewhere.
 
     """
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('tor:index')
 
 
 def disable():
@@ -159,8 +171,7 @@ def disable():
     elsewhere.
 
     """
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('tor:index')
 
 
 def update_hidden_service_domain(status=None):

plinth/modules/transmission/__init__.py

@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ import json
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, frontpage
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules.users import register_group
 
 from .manifest import backup, clients
@@ -56,12 +57,25 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'Transmission'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class TransmissionApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for Transmission."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-transmission', name, short_description,
+                              'transmission', 'transmission:index',
+                              parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
-    """Intialize the Transmission module."""
+    """Initialize the Transmission module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'transmission', 'transmission:index',
+    app = TransmissionApp()
-                     short_description)
     register_group(group)
 
     global service
@@ -74,7 +88,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('transmission:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -98,8 +112,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                                          disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'transmission:index')
 
 
 def add_shortcut():
@@ -118,16 +131,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('transmission', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('transmission:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('transmission', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('transmission')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('transmission:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/ttrss/__init__.py

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ FreedomBox app to configure Tiny Tiny RSS.
 from django.urls import reverse_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import action_utils, actions, cfg, frontpage
+from plinth import action_utils, actions
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import cfg, frontpage, menu
 from plinth import service as service_module
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
 from plinth.modules.users import register_group
 from plinth.utils import Version, format_lazy
 
@@ -63,11 +64,24 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'TinyTinyRSS'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class TTRSSApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for TT-RSS."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-ttrss', name, short_description, 'ttrss',
+                              'ttrss:index', parent_url_name='apps')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'ttrss', 'ttrss:index', short_description)
+    app = TTRSSApp()
     register_group(group)
 
     global service
@@ -80,7 +94,7 @@ def init():
 
         if is_enabled():
             add_shortcut()
-            menu.promote_item('ttrss:index')
+            app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):
@@ -97,8 +111,7 @@ def setup(helper, old_version=None):
                                          disable=disable)
     helper.call('post', service.notify_enabled, None, True)
     helper.call('post', add_shortcut)
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    helper.call('post', app.enable)
-    helper.call('post', menu.promote_item, 'ttrss:index')
 
 
 def force_upgrade(helper, packages):
@@ -133,16 +146,14 @@ def enable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('ttrss', ['enable'])
     add_shortcut()
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.enable()
-    menu.promote_item('ttrss:index')
 
 
 def disable():
     """Enable the module."""
     actions.superuser_run('ttrss', ['disable'])
     frontpage.remove_shortcut('ttrss')
-    menu = main_menu.get('apps')
+    app.disable()
-    menu.demote_item('ttrss:index')
 
 
 def diagnose():

plinth/modules/upgrades/__init__.py

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ FreedomBox app for upgrades.
 
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from plinth import service as service_module
 from plinth import actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import menu
+from plinth import service as service_module
 
 from .manifest import backup
 
@@ -42,11 +43,26 @@ service = None
 
 manual_page = 'Upgrades'
 
+app = None
+
+
+class UpgradesApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for software upgrades."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-upgrades', name, None, 'fa-refresh',
+                              'upgrades:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Initialize the module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-refresh', 'upgrades:index')
+    app = UpgradesApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
+
     global service
     service = service_module.Service('auto-upgrades', name, is_external=False,
                                      is_enabled=is_enabled, enable=enable,

plinth/modules/users/__init__.py

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ import subprocess
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 from plinth import action_utils, actions
-from plinth.menu import main_menu
+from plinth import app as app_module
+from plinth import menu
 
 version = 2
 
@@ -47,11 +48,25 @@ name = _('Users and Groups')
 # All FreedomBox user groups
 groups = dict()
 
+app = None
+
+
+class UsersApp(app_module.App):
+    """FreedomBox app for users and groups management."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create components for the app."""
+        super().__init__()
+        menu_item = menu.Menu('menu-users', name, None, 'fa-users',
+                              'users:index', parent_url_name='system')
+        self.add(menu_item)
+
 
 def init():
     """Intialize the user module."""
-    menu = main_menu.get('system')
+    global app
-    menu.add_urlname(name, 'fa-users', 'users:index')
+    app = UsersApp()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
 
 
 def setup(helper, old_version=None):

plinth/templates/cards.html

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     <div class="row">
       <div class="card-list card-list-primary">
         {% for item in submenu.sorted_items %}
-          {% if not show_secondary or not item.secondary %}
+          {% if not show_disabled or item.is_enabled %}
             <div class="card thumbnail">
               <a href="{{ item.url }}" class="nav-link">
                 <div class="card-title">{{ item.name }}</div>
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
                     <img src="{% static 'theme/icons/' %}{{ item.icon }}.svg"/>
                   {% endif %}
                 </div>
-                <div class="card-description">{{ item.short_description}}</div>
+                <div class="card-description">{{ item.short_description|default:'' }}</div>
               </a>
             </div>
           {% endif %}
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@
     </div>
   </div>
 
-  {% if show_secondary %}
+  {% if show_disabled %}
     <div class="container card-container">
       <div class="card-section-title text-center">{% trans "Disabled" %}</div>
       <div class="row">
-        <div class="card-list card-list-secondary">
+        <div class="card-list card-list-disabled">
           {% for item in submenu.sorted_items %}
-            {% if item.secondary %}
+            {% if not item.is_enabled %}
               <div class="card thumbnail">
                 <a href="{{ item.url }}" class="nav-link">
                   <div class="card-title">{{ item.name }}</div>
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
                       <img src="{% static 'theme/icons/' %}{{ item.icon }}.svg"/>
                     {% endif %}
                   </div>
-                  <div class="card-description">{{ item.short_description}}</div>
+                  <div class="card-description">{{ item.short_description|default:'' }}</div>
                 </a>
               </div>
             {% endif %}

plinth/templates/index.html

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
                           {% endif %}
                         </div>
                         <div class="card-description">
-                          {{ shortcut.short_description }}
+                          {{ shortcut.short_description|default:'' }}
                         </div>
                     </a>
                 </div>

plinth/templates/setup.html

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 {% block content %}
 
-  <h2>{% trans "Installation" %}: {{ setup_helper.module.short_description }} ({{ setup_helper.module.name }}) </h2>
+  <h2>{% trans "Installation" %}: {{ setup_helper.module.short_description|default:'' }} ({{ setup_helper.module.name }}) </h2>
 
   {% for paragraph in setup_helper.module.description %}
     <p>{{ paragraph|safe }}</p>

plinth/tests/test_app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#
+# This file is part of FreedomBox.
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
+# published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+# License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+"""
+Test module for App, base class for all applications.
+"""
+
+import collections
+
+import pytest
+
+from plinth.app import App, Component, FollowerComponent, LeaderComponent
+
+
+class LeaderTest(FollowerComponent):
+    """Test class for using LeaderComponent in tests."""
+    is_leader = True
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name='app_with_components')
+def fixture_app_with_components():
+    """Setup an app with some components."""
+    app = App()
+    app.add(FollowerComponent('test-follower-1'))
+    app.add(FollowerComponent('test-follower-2'))
+    app.add(LeaderTest('test-leader-1'))
+    app.add(LeaderTest('test-leader-2'))
+    return app
+
+
+def test_app_instantiation():
+    """Test that App is instantiated properly."""
+    app = App()
+    assert isinstance(app.components, collections.OrderedDict)
+    assert not app.components
+
+
+def test_app_add():
+    """Test adding a components to an App."""
+    app = App()
+    component = Component('test-component')
+    return_value = app.add(component)
+    assert len(app.components) == 1
+    assert app.components['test-component'] == component
+    assert return_value == app
+
+
+def test_app_enable(app_with_components):
+    """Test that enabling an app enables components."""
+    app_with_components.disable()
+    app_with_components.enable()
+    for component in app_with_components.components.values():
+        assert component.is_enabled()
+
+
+def test_app_disable(app_with_components):
+    """Test that disabling an app disables components."""
+    app_with_components.enable()
+    app_with_components.disable()
+    for component in app_with_components.components.values():
+        assert not component.is_enabled()
+
+
+def test_app_is_enabled(app_with_components):
+    """Test checking for app enabled."""
+    app = app_with_components
+    app.disable()
+
+    # Disabling the components disables that app
+    assert not app.is_enabled()
+
+    # Enabling followers will not enable the app
+    app.components['test-follower-1'].enable()
+    assert not app.is_enabled()
+    app.components['test-follower-2'].enable()
+    assert not app.is_enabled()
+
+    # Enabling both leaders will enable the app
+    app.components['test-leader-1'].enable()
+    assert not app.is_enabled()
+    app.components['test-leader-2'].enable()
+    assert app.is_enabled()
+
+    # Disabling followers has no effect
+    app.components['test-follower-1'].disable()
+    assert app.is_enabled()
+
+
+def test_app_set_enabled(app_with_components):
+    """Test that setting enabled effects only followers."""
+    app = app_with_components
+
+    app.disable()
+    app.set_enabled(True)
+    assert app.components['test-follower-1'].is_enabled()
+    assert not app.components['test-leader-1'].is_enabled()
+
+    app.enable()
+    app.set_enabled(False)
+    assert not app.components['test-follower-1'].is_enabled()
+    assert app.components['test-leader-1'].is_enabled()
+
+
+def test_component_initialization():
+    """Test that component is initialized properly."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        Component(None)
+
+    component = Component('test-component')
+    assert component.component_id == 'test-component'
+    assert not component.is_leader
+
+
+def test_follower_component_initialization():
+    """Test that follower component is initialized properly."""
+    component = FollowerComponent('test-follower-1')
+    assert not component.is_enabled()
+
+    component = FollowerComponent('test-follower-2', False)
+    assert not component.is_enabled()
+
+    component = FollowerComponent('test-follower-3', True)
+    assert component.is_enabled()
+
+
+def test_follower_component_enable():
+    """Test enabling a follower component."""
+    component = FollowerComponent('test-follower-1', False)
+    component.enable()
+    assert component.is_enabled()
+
+
+def test_follower_component_disable():
+    """Test disabling a follower component."""
+    component = FollowerComponent('test-follower-1', True)
+    component.disable()
+    assert not component.is_enabled()
+
+
+def test_leader_component_initialization():
+    """Test that leader component is initialized properly."""
+    component = LeaderComponent('test-leader-1')
+    assert component.is_leader
+
+
+def test_leader_component_is_enabled():
+    """Test getting enabled state is not implemented in leader component."""
+    component = LeaderComponent('test-leader-1')
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+        assert component.is_enabled()

plinth/tests/test_context_processors.py

@@ -21,10 +21,17 @@ Test module for custom context processors.
 
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock
 
+import pytest
 from django.http import HttpRequest
 
 from plinth import cfg
 from plinth import context_processors as cp
+from plinth import menu as menu_module
+
+@pytest.fixture(name='menu', autouse=True)
+def fixture_menu():
+    """Initialized menu module."""
+    menu_module.init()
 
 
 def test_common():

plinth/tests/test_menu.py

@@ -36,17 +36,25 @@ def build_menu(size=5):
     """Build a menu with the specified number of items."""
     random.seed()
 
-    menu = Menu()
+    menu = Menu('menu-index', url_name='index')
 
     for index in range(1, size + 1):
-        args = [
+        kwargs = {
-            'Name' + str(index), 'Icon' + str(index), 'test',
+            'component_id': 'menu-test-' + str(index),
-            'ShortDescription' + str(index),
+            'name': 'Name' + str(index),
-            random.randint(0, 1000)
+            'short_description': 'ShortDescription' + str(index),
-        ]
+            'icon': 'Icon' + str(index),
-        kwargs = {'url_kwargs': {'a': index, 'b': index, 'c': index}}
+            'url_name': 'test',
+            'url_kwargs': {
+                'a': index,
+                'b': index,
+                'c': index
+            },
+            'parent_url_name': 'index',
+            'order': random.randint(0, 1000),
+        }
 
-        menu.add_urlname(*args, **kwargs)
+        Menu(**kwargs)
 
     return menu
 
@@ -74,9 +82,15 @@ def test_init():
 
 def test_menu_creation_without_arguments():
     """Verify the Menu state without initialization parameters."""
-    menu = Menu()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-    assert menu.icon == ''
+        Menu('menu-test')
-    assert menu.url == '#'
+
+    menu = Menu('menu-index', url_name='index')
+    assert menu.component_id == 'menu-index'
+    assert menu.name is None
+    assert menu.short_description is None
+    assert menu.icon is None
+    assert menu.url == '/'
     assert menu.order == 50
     assert not menu.items
 
@@ -86,11 +100,17 @@ def test_menu_creation_with_arguments():
     expected_name = 'Name'
     expected_short_description = 'ShortDescription'
     expected_icon = 'Icon'
-    expected_url = '/aaa/bbb/ccc/'
+    url_name = 'test'
+    url_kwargs = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
+    expected_url = reverse(url_name, kwargs=url_kwargs)
     expected_order = 42
-    menu = Menu(expected_name, expected_short_description, expected_icon,
+    parent_menu = Menu('menu-index', url_name='index')
-                expected_url, expected_order)
+    menu = Menu('menu-test', expected_name, expected_short_description,
+                expected_icon, url_name, url_kwargs=url_kwargs,
+                parent_url_name='index', order=expected_order)
 
+    assert len(parent_menu.items) == 1
+    assert parent_menu.items[0] == menu
     assert expected_name == menu.name
     assert expected_short_description == menu.short_description
     assert expected_icon == menu.icon
@@ -105,11 +125,11 @@ def test_get():
     expected_short_description = 'ShortDescription2'
     expected_icon = 'Icon2'
     expected_url = 'index'
-    reversed_url = reverse(expected_url)
+    url_name = 'index'
+    reversed_url = reverse(url_name)
     expected_order = 2
-    menu = Menu()
+    menu = Menu('menu-test', expected_name, expected_short_description,
-    menu.add_urlname(expected_name, expected_icon, expected_url,
+                expected_icon, url_name, order=expected_order)
-                     expected_short_description, expected_order)
     actual_item = menu.get(expected_url)
 
     assert actual_item is not None
@@ -126,11 +146,10 @@ def test_get_with_item_not_found():
     expected_name = 'Name3'
     expected_short_description = 'ShortDescription3'
     expected_icon = 'Icon3'
-    expected_url = 'index'
+    url_name = 'index'
     expected_order = 3
-    menu = Menu()
+    menu = Menu('menu-test', expected_name, expected_short_description,
-    menu.add_urlname(expected_name, expected_icon, expected_url,
+                expected_icon, url_name, order=expected_order)
-                     expected_short_description, expected_order)
 
     with pytest.raises(KeyError):
         menu.get('apps')
@@ -146,7 +165,7 @@ def test_sort_items():
 
     # Verify that the order of every item is equal to or greater
     # than the order of the item preceding it and if the order is
-    # the same, the labels are considered.
+    # the same, the names are considered.
     items = menu.sorted_items()
     for index in range(1, size):
         assert items[index].order >= items[index - 1].order
@@ -154,28 +173,6 @@ def test_sort_items():
             assert items[index].name >= items[index - 1].name
 
 
-def test_add_urlname():
-    """Verify that a named URL can be added to a menu correctly."""
-    expected_name = 'Name4'
-    expected_short_description = 'Description4'
-    expected_icon = 'Icon4'
-    expected_url = 'index'
-    reversed_url = reverse(expected_url)
-    expected_order = 4
-    menu = Menu()
-    actual_item = menu.add_urlname(expected_name, expected_icon, expected_url,
-                                   expected_short_description, expected_order)
-
-    assert len(menu.items) == 1
-    assert actual_item is not None
-    assert actual_item == menu.items[0]
-    assert expected_name == actual_item.name
-    assert expected_icon == actual_item.icon
-    assert reversed_url == actual_item.url
-    assert expected_order == actual_item.order
-    assert not actual_item.items
-
-
 def test_active_item():
     """Verify that an active menu item can be correctly retrieved."""
     menu = build_menu()

plinth/views.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class AppsIndexView(TemplateView):
 
     def get_context_data(self, *args, **kwargs):
         context = super().get_context_data(*args, **kwargs)
-        context['show_secondary'] = True
+        context['show_disabled'] = True
         return context
 
 

static/themes/default/css/plinth.css

@@ -299,12 +299,12 @@ footer {
 }
 
 /* Disabled app icons */
-.apps-page .card-list-secondary .card-icon img {
+.apps-page .card-list-disabled .card-icon img {
     transition: filter 0.3s;
     filter: grayscale(1) opacity(0.5);
 }
 
-.apps-page .card-list-secondary .card:hover .card-icon img {
+.apps-page .card-list-disabled .card:hover .card-icon img {
     filter: grayscale(1) opacity(1);
 }
 
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ a.menu_link_active {
 }
 
 /* Disabled apps - grey glow */
-.card-list-secondary .card-icon {
+.card-list-disabled .card-icon {
     background: radial-gradient(farthest-side at bottom, #f0f0f0, white);
     background-position: 50% 100%;
     background-repeat: no-repeat;