diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/BitchatApplication.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/BitchatApplication.kt
index 7b5926ef..785dcf9b 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/BitchatApplication.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/BitchatApplication.kt
@@ -73,6 +73,15 @@ class BitchatApplication : Application() {
         // Initialize mesh service preferences
         try { com.bitchat.android.service.MeshServicePreferences.init(this) } catch (_: Exception) { }
 
+        // Bridge policy is process-scoped so rendezvous and courier delivery
+        // continue while the activity is backgrounded.
+        try {
+            com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.MeshBridgeService.initialize(this)
+            com.bitchat.android.mesh.BridgeMeshPort.install(
+                com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.MeshBridgeService
+            )
+        } catch (_: Exception) { }
+
         // Proactively start the foreground service to keep mesh alive
         try { com.bitchat.android.service.MeshForegroundService.start(this) } catch (_: Exception) { }
 
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/geohash/LocationChannelManager.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/geohash/LocationChannelManager.kt
index 46f05950..c793c163 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/geohash/LocationChannelManager.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/geohash/LocationChannelManager.kt
@@ -162,9 +162,12 @@ class LocationChannelManager private constructor(private val context: Context) {
     /**
      * Refresh available channels from current location
      */
-    fun refreshChannels() {
+    fun refreshChannels(
+        forceFresh: Boolean = false,
+        updatePlaceNames: Boolean = true
+    ) {
         if (syncPermissionState() == PermissionState.AUTHORIZED && isLocationServicesEnabled()) {
-            requestOneShotLocation()
+            requestOneShotLocation(forceFresh, updatePlaceNames)
         }
     }
 
@@ -355,7 +358,10 @@ class LocationChannelManager private constructor(private val context: Context) {
 
     // MARK: - Location Operations
 
-    private fun requestOneShotLocation() {
+    private fun requestOneShotLocation(
+        forceFresh: Boolean = false,
+        updatePlaceNames: Boolean = true
+    ) {
         if (!isLocationServicesEnabled() ||
             syncPermissionState() != PermissionState.AUTHORIZED
         ) {
@@ -367,37 +373,53 @@ class LocationChannelManager private constructor(private val context: Context) {
         val token = LiveLocationPrivacyGate.captureToken() ?: return
         _isLoadingLocation.value = true
 
+        if (forceFresh) {
+            requestFreshLocation(token, updatePlaceNames)
+            return
+        }
+
         val started = LiveLocationPrivacyGate.runIfAllowed(token) {
             locationProvider.getLastKnownLocation { cached ->
                 if (!canUseLiveLocation(token)) return@getLastKnownLocation
 
                 if (cached != null) {
-                    onLocationUpdated(cached, token)
+                    onLocationUpdated(cached, token, updatePlaceNames)
                 } else {
-                    LiveLocationPrivacyGate.runIfAllowed(token) {
-                        locationProvider.requestFreshLocation { fresh ->
-                            if (!canUseLiveLocation(token)) return@requestFreshLocation
-
-                            if (fresh != null) {
-                                onLocationUpdated(fresh, token)
-                            } else {
-                                Log.w(TAG, "Failed to get fresh location")
-                                _isLoadingLocation.value = false
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+                    requestFreshLocation(token, updatePlaceNames)
                 }
             }
         }
         if (!started) _isLoadingLocation.value = false
     }
 
-    private fun onLocationUpdated(location: Location, token: Long) {
+    private fun requestFreshLocation(
+        token: Long,
+        updatePlaceNames: Boolean
+    ) {
+        val started = LiveLocationPrivacyGate.runIfAllowed(token) {
+            locationProvider.requestFreshLocation { fresh ->
+                if (!canUseLiveLocation(token)) return@requestFreshLocation
+                if (fresh != null) {
+                    onLocationUpdated(fresh, token, updatePlaceNames)
+                } else {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Failed to get fresh location")
+                    _isLoadingLocation.value = false
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (!started) _isLoadingLocation.value = false
+    }
+
+    private fun onLocationUpdated(
+        location: Location,
+        token: Long,
+        updatePlaceNames: Boolean = true
+    ) {
         LiveLocationPrivacyGate.runIfAllowed(token) {
             if (!_systemLocationEnabled.value || !hasRuntimeLocationPermission()) return@runIfAllowed
             _isLoadingLocation.value = false
             computeChannels(location, token)
-            reverseGeocodeIfNeeded(location, token)
+            if (updatePlaceNames) reverseGeocodeIfNeeded(location, token)
         }
     }
 
@@ -652,6 +674,12 @@ class LocationChannelManager private constructor(private val context: Context) {
         _teleported.value = false
     }
 
+    /** Remove exact/transient location state without destroying the singleton. */
+    fun panicReset() {
+        clearLiveLocationState()
+        clearPersistedChannel()
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Location Services State Persistence
 
     /**
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/identity/SecureIdentityStateManager.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/identity/SecureIdentityStateManager.kt
index 13e682b4..ab9e2ece 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/identity/SecureIdentityStateManager.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/identity/SecureIdentityStateManager.kt
@@ -696,6 +696,10 @@ class SecureIdentityStateManager {
     /**
      * Store a string value in secure preferences
      */
+    /** Persist keys and consumption state before making their use observable. */
+    fun storeSecureValueSynchronously(key: String, value: String): Boolean =
+        prefs.edit().putString(key, value).commit()
+
     fun storeSecureValue(key: String, value: String) {
         prefs.edit().putString(key, value).apply()
     }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/BluetoothMeshService.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/BluetoothMeshService.kt
index 62e65309..d2ec0f2c 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/BluetoothMeshService.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/BluetoothMeshService.kt
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import com.bitchat.android.model.AuthenticatedPeerState
 import com.bitchat.android.model.PeerCapabilities
 import com.bitchat.android.protocol.MessagePadding
 import com.bitchat.android.model.RoutedPacket
-import com.bitchat.android.model.IdentityAnnouncement
 import com.bitchat.android.model.NoisePayload
 import com.bitchat.android.model.NoisePayloadType
 import com.bitchat.android.protocol.BitchatPacket
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ import com.bitchat.android.util.toHexString
 import com.bitchat.android.services.VerificationService
 import com.bitchat.android.service.TransportBridgeService
 import com.bitchat.android.identity.SecureIdentityStateManager
+import com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.BridgeProtocolPacketFactory
 import kotlinx.coroutines.*
 import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel
 import java.util.*
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
             store = authenticatedPeerStateStore,
             localStateProvider = {
                 AuthenticatedPeerState(
-                    PeerCapabilities.LOCAL_SUPPORTED,
+                    PeerCapabilities.localSupported(),
                     requireNotNull(encryptionService.getSigningPublicKey())
                 )
             },
@@ -203,7 +203,11 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
         if (isBleTransportEnabled()) {
             TransportBridgeService.register("BLE", this)
         }
-        bridgeCourierService.start()
+        serviceScope.launch {
+            com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.MeshBridgeService.isEnabled.collect { enabled ->
+                if (enabled) bridgeCourierService.start() else bridgeCourierService.stop()
+            }
+        }
         
         // Inject dynamic direct connection check into PeerManager
         // Matches iOS logic: checks if we have an active hardware mapping for this peer
@@ -433,7 +437,7 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
             override fun getBroadcastRecipient(): ByteArray {
                 return SpecialRecipients.BROADCAST
             }
-            
+
             // Cryptographic operations
             override fun verifySignature(packet: BitchatPacket, peerID: String): Boolean {
                 return securityManager.verifySignature(packet, peerID)
@@ -629,6 +633,9 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
             override fun getBroadcastRecipient(): ByteArray {
                 return SpecialRecipients.BROADCAST
             }
+
+            override fun isPeerDirectlyConnected(peerID: String): Boolean =
+                peerManager.getPeerInfo(peerID)?.isDirectConnection == true
             
             override fun handleNoiseHandshake(routed: RoutedPacket): Boolean {
                 return runBlocking { securityManager.handleNoiseHandshake(routed) }
@@ -936,6 +943,7 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
      */
     fun sendMessage(content: String, mentions: List<String> = emptyList(), channel: String? = null) {
         if (content.isEmpty()) return
+        val bridgePolicyAtSend = BridgeMeshPort.outboundPolicy()
         
         serviceScope.launch {
             val packet = BitchatPacket(
@@ -954,6 +962,57 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
             broadcastRoutedPacket(RoutedPacket(signedPacket))
             // Track our own broadcast message for sync
             try { gossipSyncManager.onPublicPacketSeen(signedPacket) } catch (_: Exception) { }
+            if (channel == null) {
+                val nickname = runCatching {
+                    com.bitchat.android.services.NicknameProvider.getNickname(context, myPeerID)
+                }.getOrNull()
+                BridgeMeshPort.bridgeOutgoing(
+                    content,
+                    myPeerID,
+                    packet.timestamp.toLong(),
+                    nickname,
+                    bridgePolicyAtSend
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun sendNostrCarrier(payload: ByteArray, recipientPeerID: String?) {
+        sendRawProtocolPacket(MessageType.NOSTR_CARRIER, payload, recipientPeerID, sign = true)
+    }
+
+    fun sendCourierEnvelope(payload: ByteArray, recipientPeerID: String) {
+        sendRawProtocolPacket(MessageType.COURIER_ENVELOPE, payload, recipientPeerID, sign = true)
+    }
+
+    fun sendPrekeyBundle(payload: ByteArray) {
+        sendRawProtocolPacket(MessageType.PREKEY_BUNDLE, payload, null, sign = true)
+    }
+
+    private fun sendRawProtocolPacket(
+        type: MessageType,
+        payload: ByteArray,
+        recipientPeerID: String?,
+        sign: Boolean
+    ) {
+        if (payload.isEmpty()) return
+        serviceScope.launch {
+            val packet = BridgeProtocolPacketFactory.protocolPacket(
+                type = type,
+                payload = payload,
+                senderPeerId = myPeerID,
+                recipientPeerId = recipientPeerID,
+                ttl = MAX_TTL
+            ) ?: return@launch
+            val outgoing = if (sign) signPacketBeforeBroadcast(packet) else packet
+            if (sign &&
+                type != MessageType.COURIER_ENVELOPE &&
+                outgoing.signature?.size != 64
+            ) {
+                return@launch
+            }
+            gossipSyncManager.onPublicPacketSeen(outgoing)
+            broadcastRoutedPacket(RoutedPacket(outgoing))
         }
     }
 
@@ -1418,7 +1477,11 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
             }
             
             // Create iOS-compatible IdentityAnnouncement with TLV encoding
-            val announcement = IdentityAnnouncement.forLocalPeer(nickname, staticKey, signingKey)
+            val announcement = BridgeProtocolPacketFactory.identityAnnouncement(
+                nickname,
+                staticKey,
+                signingKey
+            )
             var tlvPayload = announcement.encode()
             if (tlvPayload == null) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encode announcement as TLV")
@@ -1480,7 +1543,11 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
         }
         
         // Create iOS-compatible IdentityAnnouncement with TLV encoding
-        val announcement = IdentityAnnouncement.forLocalPeer(nickname, staticKey, signingKey)
+        val announcement = BridgeProtocolPacketFactory.identityAnnouncement(
+            nickname,
+            staticKey,
+            signingKey
+        )
         var tlvPayload = announcement.encode()
         if (tlvPayload == null) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encode peer announcement as TLV")
@@ -1622,7 +1689,7 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
             com.bitchat.android.model.NoisePayloadType.PRIVATE_MESSAGE,
             privateMessage
         ).encode()
-        val sealed = try { encryptionService.sealCourierPayload(typedPayload, recipientNoiseKey) } catch (_: Exception) { return emptyList() }
+        val sealed = try { com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.PrekeyManager.getInstance(context).seal(typedPayload, messageID, recipientNoiseKey, true) } catch (_: Exception) { return emptyList() }
         val now = System.currentTimeMillis()
         val couriers = courierPeerIDs.distinct().take(4)
         if (couriers.isEmpty()) return emptyList()
@@ -1633,7 +1700,8 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
                     com.bitchat.android.model.CourierEnvelope.epochDay(now)
                 ),
                 expiry = (now + com.bitchat.android.model.CourierEnvelope.MAX_LIFETIME_MS).toULong(),
-                ciphertext = sealed,
+                ciphertext = sealed.ciphertext,
+                prekeyID = sealed.prekeyId?.toUInt(),
                 copies = 4u
             )
             val payload = envelope.encode() ?: return@filter false
@@ -1674,7 +1742,15 @@ class BluetoothMeshService(private val context: Context) : TransportBridgeServic
         if (envelope.expiry.toLong() <= now) return false
         val localKey = encryptionService.getStaticPublicKey() ?: return false
         if (envelope.matchesRecipient(localKey, now)) {
-            val (senderKey, typedPayload) = try { encryptionService.openCourierPayload(envelope.ciphertext) } catch (_: Exception) { return false }
+            val opened = try {
+                com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.PrekeyManager.getInstance(context)
+                    .open(envelope.ciphertext, envelope.prekeyID?.toLong())
+            } catch (_: Exception) { return false }
+            val senderKey = opened.senderStaticKey
+            val typedPayload = opened.payload
+            if (opened.consumedPrekey) {
+                com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.MeshBridgeService.refreshPrekeys()
+            }
             val noisePayload = com.bitchat.android.model.NoisePayload.decode(typedPayload) ?: return false
             if (noisePayload.type !in setOf(
                     com.bitchat.android.model.NoisePayloadType.PRIVATE_MESSAGE,
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/BridgeMeshPort.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/BridgeMeshPort.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f803aeef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/BridgeMeshPort.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.mesh
+
+import com.bitchat.android.model.IdentityAnnouncement
+import com.bitchat.android.protocol.BitchatPacket
+
+/**
+ * Immutable privacy decision captured when a public message is accepted.
+ *
+ * A later opt-in must not authorize a message that was composed while
+ * bridging was disabled or nearby-only. Publication therefore requires both
+ * this send-time decision and the current policy to allow bridging.
+ */
+class BridgeOutboundPolicy internal constructor(
+    internal val enabled: Boolean,
+    internal val nearbyOnly: Boolean
+) {
+    val allowsBridging: Boolean
+        get() = enabled && !nearbyOnly
+
+    fun permitsPublication(current: BridgeOutboundPolicy): Boolean =
+        allowsBridging && current.allowsBridging
+
+    companion object {
+        val Denied = BridgeOutboundPolicy(enabled = false, nearbyOnly = false)
+
+        internal fun capture(enabled: Boolean, nearbyOnly: Boolean): BridgeOutboundPolicy =
+            BridgeOutboundPolicy(enabled = enabled, nearbyOnly = nearbyOnly)
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Transport-facing bridge boundary.
+ *
+ * BLE/Wi-Fi packet code depends only on this protocol surface; application
+ * bootstrap installs the process bridge controller. Tests can install a fake
+ * without constructing relay or persistence infrastructure.
+ */
+interface BridgeMeshDelegate {
+    fun advertisedCell(): String?
+    fun outboundPolicy(): BridgeOutboundPolicy
+
+    fun bridgeOutgoing(
+        content: String,
+        senderPeerId: String,
+        timestampMs: Long,
+        nickname: String?,
+        policyAtSend: BridgeOutboundPolicy
+    )
+
+    fun handleAuthenticatedRadioMessage(messageId: String)
+    fun handleVerifiedAnnouncement(peerId: String, announcement: IdentityAnnouncement)
+    fun handlePrekeyPacket(packet: BitchatPacket)
+    fun handleCarrier(payload: ByteArray, fromPeerId: String, directedToUs: Boolean)
+}
+
+object BridgeMeshPort : BridgeMeshDelegate {
+    @Volatile
+    private var delegate: BridgeMeshDelegate? = null
+
+    fun install(delegate: BridgeMeshDelegate) {
+        this.delegate = delegate
+    }
+
+    override fun advertisedCell(): String? = delegate?.advertisedCell()
+
+    override fun outboundPolicy(): BridgeOutboundPolicy =
+        delegate?.outboundPolicy() ?: BridgeOutboundPolicy.Denied
+
+    override fun bridgeOutgoing(
+        content: String,
+        senderPeerId: String,
+        timestampMs: Long,
+        nickname: String?,
+        policyAtSend: BridgeOutboundPolicy
+    ) {
+        delegate?.bridgeOutgoing(content, senderPeerId, timestampMs, nickname, policyAtSend)
+    }
+
+    override fun handleAuthenticatedRadioMessage(messageId: String) {
+        delegate?.handleAuthenticatedRadioMessage(messageId)
+    }
+
+    override fun handleVerifiedAnnouncement(
+        peerId: String,
+        announcement: IdentityAnnouncement
+    ) {
+        delegate?.handleVerifiedAnnouncement(peerId, announcement)
+    }
+
+    override fun handlePrekeyPacket(packet: BitchatPacket) {
+        delegate?.handlePrekeyPacket(packet)
+    }
+
+    override fun handleCarrier(payload: ByteArray, fromPeerId: String, directedToUs: Boolean) {
+        delegate?.handleCarrier(payload, fromPeerId, directedToUs)
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MeshCore.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MeshCore.kt
index 15b290af..d4d8d859 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MeshCore.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MeshCore.kt
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import com.bitchat.android.protocol.MessageType
 import com.bitchat.android.protocol.SpecialRecipients
 import com.bitchat.android.identity.SecureIdentityStateManager
 import com.bitchat.android.service.TransportBridgeService
+import com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.BridgeProtocolPacketFactory
 import com.bitchat.android.sync.GossipSyncManager
 import com.bitchat.android.util.toHexString
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ class MeshCore(
             store = authenticatedPeerStateStore,
             localStateProvider = {
                 AuthenticatedPeerState(
-                    PeerCapabilities.LOCAL_SUPPORTED,
+                    PeerCapabilities.localSupported(),
                     requireNotNull(encryptionService.getSigningPublicKey())
                 )
             },
@@ -508,6 +509,9 @@ class MeshCore(
                 return SpecialRecipients.BROADCAST
             }
 
+            override fun isPeerDirectlyConnected(peerID: String): Boolean =
+                peerManager.getPeerInfo(peerID)?.isDirectConnection == true
+
             override fun handleNoiseHandshake(routed: RoutedPacket): Boolean {
                 return runBlocking { securityManager.handleNoiseHandshake(routed) }
             }
@@ -592,6 +596,7 @@ class MeshCore(
 
     fun sendMessage(content: String, mentions: List<String> = emptyList(), channel: String? = null) {
         if (content.isEmpty()) return
+        val bridgePolicyAtSend = BridgeMeshPort.outboundPolicy()
         scope.launch {
             val packet = BitchatPacket(
                 version = 1u,
@@ -606,6 +611,70 @@ class MeshCore(
             val signedPacket = signPacketBeforeBroadcast(packet)
             dispatchGlobal(RoutedPacket(signedPacket))
             try { gossipSyncManager.onPublicPacketSeen(signedPacket) } catch (_: Exception) { }
+            if (channel == null) {
+                val nickname = hooks.announcementNicknameProvider?.invoke()
+                    ?: delegate?.getNickname()
+                BridgeMeshPort.bridgeOutgoing(
+                    content,
+                    myPeerID,
+                    packet.timestamp.toLong(),
+                    nickname,
+                    bridgePolicyAtSend
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun sendNostrCarrier(payload: ByteArray, recipientPeerID: String? = null) {
+        sendRawProtocolPacket(
+            type = MessageType.NOSTR_CARRIER,
+            payload = payload,
+            recipientPeerID = recipientPeerID,
+            sign = true
+        )
+    }
+
+    fun sendCourierEnvelope(payload: ByteArray, recipientPeerID: String) {
+        sendRawProtocolPacket(
+            type = MessageType.COURIER_ENVELOPE,
+            payload = payload,
+            recipientPeerID = recipientPeerID,
+            sign = true
+        )
+    }
+
+    fun sendPrekeyBundle(payload: ByteArray) {
+        sendRawProtocolPacket(
+            type = MessageType.PREKEY_BUNDLE,
+            payload = payload,
+            recipientPeerID = null,
+            sign = true
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun sendRawProtocolPacket(
+        type: MessageType,
+        payload: ByteArray,
+        recipientPeerID: String?,
+        sign: Boolean
+    ) {
+        if (payload.isEmpty()) return
+        scope.launch {
+            val packet = BridgeProtocolPacketFactory.protocolPacket(
+                type = type,
+                payload = payload,
+                senderPeerId = myPeerID,
+                recipientPeerId = recipientPeerID,
+                ttl = maxTtl
+            ) ?: return@launch
+            val outgoing = if (sign) signPacketBeforeBroadcast(packet) else packet
+            if (sign &&
+                type != MessageType.COURIER_ENVELOPE &&
+                outgoing.signature?.size != 64
+            ) {
+                return@launch
+            }
+            dispatchGlobal(RoutedPacket(outgoing))
         }
     }
 
@@ -976,7 +1045,11 @@ class MeshCore(
                 Log.e("MeshCore", "No signing public key available for announcement")
                 return@launch
             }
-            val announcement = IdentityAnnouncement.forLocalPeer(nickname, staticKey, signingKey)
+            val announcement = BridgeProtocolPacketFactory.identityAnnouncement(
+                nickname,
+                staticKey,
+                signingKey
+            )
             val tlvPayload = buildAnnouncementPayload(announcement, nickname) ?: return@launch
             val announcePacket = BitchatPacket(
                 type = MessageType.ANNOUNCE.value,
@@ -997,7 +1070,11 @@ class MeshCore(
             ?: myPeerID
         val staticKey = encryptionService.getStaticPublicKey() ?: return
         val signingKey = encryptionService.getSigningPublicKey() ?: return
-        val announcement = IdentityAnnouncement.forLocalPeer(nickname, staticKey, signingKey)
+        val announcement = BridgeProtocolPacketFactory.identityAnnouncement(
+            nickname,
+            staticKey,
+            signingKey
+        )
         val tlvPayload = buildAnnouncementPayload(announcement, nickname) ?: return
         val packet = BitchatPacket(
             type = MessageType.ANNOUNCE.value,
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MeshService.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MeshService.kt
index 65288fbf..2b138b06 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MeshService.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MeshService.kt
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ interface MeshService {
     fun stopServices()
 
     fun sendMessage(content: String, mentions: List<String> = emptyList(), channel: String? = null)
+    fun sendNostrCarrier(payload: ByteArray, recipientPeerID: String? = null)
+    fun sendCourierEnvelope(payload: ByteArray, recipientPeerID: String)
+    fun sendPrekeyBundle(payload: ByteArray)
     fun sendPrivateMessage(content: String, recipientPeerID: String, recipientNickname: String, messageID: String? = null)
     fun sendReadReceipt(messageID: String, recipientPeerID: String, readerNickname: String)
     fun sendDeliveryAck(messageID: String, recipientPeerID: String) {}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MessageHandler.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MessageHandler.kt
index a733ae86..4c73e1ec 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MessageHandler.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/MessageHandler.kt
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import com.bitchat.android.model.RoutedPacket
 import com.bitchat.android.protocol.BitchatPacket
 import com.bitchat.android.protocol.MessageType
 import com.bitchat.android.sync.PacketIdUtil
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.MeshMessageIdentity
 import com.bitchat.android.util.toHexString
 import com.bitchat.android.features.voice.LiveVoiceManager
 import com.bitchat.android.features.voice.LiveVoiceScope
@@ -398,6 +399,11 @@ class MessageHandler(private val myPeerID: String, private val appContext: andro
             capabilities = announcement.capabilities
         ) ?: false
 
+        BridgeMeshPort.handleVerifiedAnnouncement(
+            peerID,
+            announcement
+        )
+
         // Update mesh graph from gossip neighbors (only if TLV present)
         try {
             val neighborsOrNull = com.bitchat.android.services.meshgraph.GossipTLV.decodeNeighborsFromAnnouncementPayload(packet.payload)
@@ -542,13 +548,18 @@ class MessageHandler(private val myPeerID: String, private val appContext: andro
 
             // Fallback: plain text
             val message = BitchatMessage(
-                id = PacketIdUtil.computeIdHex(packet).uppercase(),
+                id = MeshMessageIdentity.stableId(
+                    peerID,
+                    packet.timestamp.toLong(),
+                    String(packet.payload, Charsets.UTF_8)
+                ),
                 sender = delegate?.getPeerNickname(peerID) ?: "unknown",
                 content = String(packet.payload, Charsets.UTF_8),
                 senderPeerID = peerID,
                 timestamp = Date(packet.timestamp.toLong())
             )
             delegate?.onMessageReceived(message)
+            BridgeMeshPort.handleAuthenticatedRadioMessage(message.id)
         } catch (e: Exception) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to process broadcast message: ${e.message}")
         }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/PacketProcessor.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/PacketProcessor.kt
index d35a26b4..5b2f9219 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/PacketProcessor.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/PacketProcessor.kt
@@ -158,6 +158,21 @@ class PacketProcessor(private val myPeerID: String) {
             MessageType.LEAVE -> handleLeave(routed)
             MessageType.FRAGMENT -> handleFragment(routed)
             MessageType.REQUEST_SYNC -> handleRequestSync(routed)
+            MessageType.PREKEY_BUNDLE -> {
+                BridgeMeshPort.handlePrekeyPacket(packet)
+            }
+            MessageType.NOSTR_CARRIER -> {
+                val directedToUs = packetRelayManager.isPacketAddressedToMe(packet)
+                val isBroadcast = packet.recipientID == null ||
+                    packet.recipientID.contentEquals(delegate?.getBroadcastRecipient())
+                if (directedToUs || isBroadcast) {
+                    BridgeMeshPort.handleCarrier(
+                        packet.payload,
+                        peerID,
+                        directedToUs
+                    )
+                }
+            }
             else -> {
                 // Handle private packet types (address check required)
                 if (packetRelayManager.isPacketAddressedToMe(packet)) {
@@ -332,6 +347,7 @@ interface PacketProcessorDelegate {
     // Network information
     fun getNetworkSize(): Int
     fun getBroadcastRecipient(): ByteArray
+    fun isPeerDirectlyConnected(peerID: String): Boolean = false
     
     // Message type handlers
     fun handleNoiseHandshake(routed: RoutedPacket): Boolean
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/SecurityManager.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/SecurityManager.kt
index d122c3ec..338f01f1 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/SecurityManager.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/SecurityManager.kt
@@ -271,7 +271,8 @@ class SecurityManager(private val encryptionService: EncryptionService, private
                     MessageType.COURIER_ENVELOPE,
                     MessageType.VOICE_FRAME,
                     MessageType.LEAVE,
-                    MessageType.REQUEST_SYNC
+                    MessageType.REQUEST_SYNC,
+                    MessageType.NOSTR_CARRIER
                 )) {
                 return true
             }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/UnifiedMeshService.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/UnifiedMeshService.kt
index 0112a7f1..488fd5f2 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/UnifiedMeshService.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/mesh/UnifiedMeshService.kt
@@ -101,6 +101,29 @@ class UnifiedMeshService(
         }
     }
 
+    override fun sendNostrCarrier(payload: ByteArray, recipientPeerID: String?) {
+        when {
+            isBleEnabled() -> bluetooth.sendNostrCarrier(payload, recipientPeerID)
+            else -> wifiService()?.sendNostrCarrier(payload, recipientPeerID)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun sendCourierEnvelope(payload: ByteArray, recipientPeerID: String) {
+        when {
+            isBleConnected(recipientPeerID) || (isBleEnabled() && !isWifiConnected(recipientPeerID)) ->
+                bluetooth.sendCourierEnvelope(payload, recipientPeerID)
+            else -> wifiService()?.sendCourierEnvelope(payload, recipientPeerID)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun sendPrekeyBundle(payload: ByteArray) {
+        if (isBleEnabled()) {
+            bluetooth.sendPrekeyBundle(payload)
+        } else {
+            wifiService()?.sendPrekeyBundle(payload)
+        }
+    }
+
     override fun sendPrivateMessage(
         content: String,
         recipientPeerID: String,
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/BitchatMessage.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/BitchatMessage.kt
index a70fc069..c0ebf74b 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/BitchatMessage.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/BitchatMessage.kt
@@ -81,7 +81,15 @@ data class BitchatMessage(
      * surfaces color the sender by the same stable key while [senderPeerID] remains available for
      * mesh IDs and private-chat routing aliases.
      */
-    val senderNostrPubkey: String? = null
+    val senderNostrPubkey: String? = null,
+    /** Rendered from a signed bridge rendezvous event rather than local radio. */
+    val isBridged: Boolean = false,
+    /**
+     * Untrusted radio-coordinate hint from the bridge event. It may merge a
+     * duplicate when the authenticated radio copy arrives, but never owns the
+     * bridge row's primary ID.
+     */
+    val bridgeRadioMessageIdHint: String? = null
 ) : Parcelable {
 
     /**
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/IdentityAnnouncement.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/IdentityAnnouncement.kt
index c48bd6cc..21ccbc5e 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/IdentityAnnouncement.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/IdentityAnnouncement.kt
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ data class IdentityAnnouncement(
     val noisePublicKey: ByteArray,    // Noise static public key (Curve25519.KeyAgreement)
     val signingPublicKey: ByteArray,  // Ed25519 public key for signing
     val capabilities: PeerCapabilities? = null,
-    val unknownTLVs: List<UnknownAnnouncementTLV> = emptyList()
+    val unknownTLVs: List<UnknownAnnouncementTLV> = emptyList(),
+    val bridgeGeohash: String? = null
 ) : Parcelable {
 
     /**
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ data class IdentityAnnouncement(
         NICKNAME(0x01u),
         NOISE_PUBLIC_KEY(0x02u),
         SIGNING_PUBLIC_KEY(0x03u),  // NEW: Ed25519 signing public key
-        CAPABILITIES(0x05u);
+        CAPABILITIES(0x05u),
+        BRIDGE_GEOHASH(0x06u);
         
         companion object {
             fun fromValue(value: UByte): TLVType? {
@@ -39,6 +41,9 @@ data class IdentityAnnouncement(
         val nicknameData = nickname.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
         
         // Check size limits
+        val bridgeGeohashData = bridgeGeohash
+            ?.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
+            ?.takeIf { it.size in 1..12 }
         if (nicknameData.size > 255 || noisePublicKey.size > 255 || signingPublicKey.size > 255 ||
             unknownTLVs.any { it.value.size > 255 }) {
             return null
@@ -68,6 +73,12 @@ data class IdentityAnnouncement(
             result.addAll(capabilityBytes.toList())
         }
 
+        bridgeGeohashData?.let { geohash ->
+            result.add(TLVType.BRIDGE_GEOHASH.value.toByte())
+            result.add(geohash.size.toByte())
+            result.addAll(geohash.toList())
+        }
+
         // Preserve extensions this build does not understand. This includes
         // gossip TLV 0x04 when an announcement is decoded through this model.
         unknownTLVs.forEach { tlv ->
@@ -92,6 +103,7 @@ data class IdentityAnnouncement(
             var noisePublicKey: ByteArray? = null
             var signingPublicKey: ByteArray? = null
             var capabilities: PeerCapabilities? = null
+            var bridgeGeohash: String? = null
             val unknownTLVs = mutableListOf<UnknownAnnouncementTLV>()
             
             while (offset + 2 <= dataCopy.size) {
@@ -125,6 +137,10 @@ data class IdentityAnnouncement(
                     TLVType.CAPABILITIES -> {
                         capabilities = PeerCapabilities.decode(value)
                     }
+                    TLVType.BRIDGE_GEOHASH -> {
+                        if (value.size !in 1..12) return null
+                        bridgeGeohash = String(value, Charsets.UTF_8)
+                    }
                     null -> {
                         // Retain unknown extensions so callers can forward or
                         // re-encode the announcement without erasing them.
@@ -135,7 +151,14 @@ data class IdentityAnnouncement(
             
             // All three fields are required
             return if (nickname != null && noisePublicKey != null && signingPublicKey != null) {
-                IdentityAnnouncement(nickname, noisePublicKey, signingPublicKey, capabilities, unknownTLVs)
+                IdentityAnnouncement(
+                    nickname,
+                    noisePublicKey,
+                    signingPublicKey,
+                    capabilities,
+                    unknownTLVs,
+                    bridgeGeohash
+                )
             } else {
                 null
             }
@@ -145,12 +168,14 @@ data class IdentityAnnouncement(
         fun forLocalPeer(
             nickname: String,
             noisePublicKey: ByteArray,
-            signingPublicKey: ByteArray
+            signingPublicKey: ByteArray,
+            bridgeGeohash: String? = null
         ): IdentityAnnouncement = IdentityAnnouncement(
             nickname = nickname,
             noisePublicKey = noisePublicKey,
             signingPublicKey = signingPublicKey,
-            capabilities = PeerCapabilities.LOCAL_SUPPORTED
+            capabilities = PeerCapabilities.localSupported(),
+            bridgeGeohash = bridgeGeohash
         )
     }
     
@@ -166,6 +191,7 @@ data class IdentityAnnouncement(
         if (!signingPublicKey.contentEquals(other.signingPublicKey)) return false
         if (capabilities != other.capabilities) return false
         if (unknownTLVs != other.unknownTLVs) return false
+        if (bridgeGeohash != other.bridgeGeohash) return false
         
         return true
     }
@@ -176,10 +202,11 @@ data class IdentityAnnouncement(
         result = 31 * result + signingPublicKey.contentHashCode()
         result = 31 * result + (capabilities?.hashCode() ?: 0)
         result = 31 * result + unknownTLVs.hashCode()
+        result = 31 * result + (bridgeGeohash?.hashCode() ?: 0)
         return result
     }
     
     override fun toString(): String {
-        return "IdentityAnnouncement(nickname='$nickname', noisePublicKey=${noisePublicKey.joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }.take(16)}..., signingPublicKey=${signingPublicKey.joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }.take(16)}..., capabilities=${capabilities?.rawValue})"
+        return "IdentityAnnouncement(nickname='$nickname', noisePublicKey=${noisePublicKey.joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }.take(16)}..., signingPublicKey=${signingPublicKey.joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }.take(16)}..., capabilities=${capabilities?.rawValue}, bridgeGeohash=$bridgeGeohash)"
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/NostrCarrierPacket.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/NostrCarrierPacket.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3f6be5a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/NostrCarrierPacket.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.model
+
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.NostrEvent
+
+/**
+ * Wire payload for MessageType.NOSTR_CARRIER (0x28).
+ *
+ * The TLV layout and limits intentionally match iOS. Lengths are unsigned
+ * 16-bit big-endian values and unknown TLVs are skipped.
+ */
+data class NostrCarrierPacket(
+    val direction: Direction,
+    val geohash: String,
+    val eventJson: ByteArray
+) {
+    enum class Direction(val value: Int) {
+        TO_GATEWAY(0x01),
+        FROM_GATEWAY(0x02),
+        TO_BRIDGE(0x03),
+        FROM_BRIDGE(0x04);
+
+        companion object {
+            fun fromValue(value: Int): Direction? = entries.firstOrNull { it.value == value }
+        }
+    }
+
+    init {
+        require(geohash.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8).size in 1..MAX_GEOHASH_LENGTH)
+        require(eventJson.size in 1..MAX_EVENT_JSON_BYTES)
+    }
+
+    fun event(): NostrEvent? =
+        NostrEvent.fromJsonString(String(eventJson, Charsets.UTF_8))
+
+    fun encode(): ByteArray {
+        return checkNotNull(
+            Tlv16Codec.encode(
+                Tlv16Codec.Field(TLV_DIRECTION, byteArrayOf(direction.value.toByte())),
+                Tlv16Codec.Field(TLV_GEOHASH, geohash.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)),
+                Tlv16Codec.Field(TLV_EVENT_JSON, eventJson)
+            )
+        )
+    }
+
+    companion object {
+        const val MAX_EVENT_JSON_BYTES = 16 * 1024
+        const val MAX_GEOHASH_LENGTH = 12
+
+        private const val TLV_DIRECTION = 0x01
+        private const val TLV_GEOHASH = 0x02
+        private const val TLV_EVENT_JSON = 0x03
+
+        fun fromEvent(direction: Direction, geohash: String, event: NostrEvent): NostrCarrierPacket? =
+            runCatching {
+                NostrCarrierPacket(
+                    direction = direction,
+                    geohash = geohash,
+                    eventJson = event.toJsonString().toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
+                )
+            }.getOrNull()
+
+        fun decode(data: ByteArray): NostrCarrierPacket? {
+            var direction: Direction? = null
+            var geohash: String? = null
+            var eventJson: ByteArray? = null
+
+            Tlv16Codec.decode(data)?.forEach { field ->
+                when (field.type) {
+                    TLV_DIRECTION -> {
+                        if (field.value.size != 1) return null
+                        direction =
+                            Direction.fromValue(field.value[0].toInt() and 0xFF) ?: return null
+                    }
+                    TLV_GEOHASH -> {
+                        geohash = field.value.toString(Charsets.UTF_8)
+                    }
+                    TLV_EVENT_JSON -> eventJson = field.value
+                }
+            } ?: return null
+
+            return runCatching {
+                NostrCarrierPacket(
+                    direction = direction ?: return null,
+                    geohash = geohash ?: return null,
+                    eventJson = eventJson ?: return null
+                )
+            }.getOrNull()
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean =
+        this === other ||
+            (other is NostrCarrierPacket &&
+                direction == other.direction &&
+                geohash == other.geohash &&
+                eventJson.contentEquals(other.eventJson))
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int =
+        31 * (31 * direction.hashCode() + geohash.hashCode()) + eventJson.contentHashCode()
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/PeerCapabilities.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/PeerCapabilities.kt
index 0327a00a..9775596b 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/PeerCapabilities.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/PeerCapabilities.kt
@@ -31,13 +31,11 @@ data class PeerCapabilities(val rawValue: Long) : Parcelable {
         private const val PRIVATE_MEDIA_BIT_INDEX = 8
         val NONE = PeerCapabilities(0)
 
-        val PREKEYS = PeerCapabilities(1L shl 0)
         val WIFI_BULK = PeerCapabilities(1L shl 1)
         val GATEWAY = PeerCapabilities(1L shl 2)
         val GROUPS = PeerCapabilities(1L shl 3)
         val BOARD = PeerCapabilities(1L shl 4)
         val MESH_DIAGNOSTICS = PeerCapabilities(1L shl 6)
-        val BRIDGE = PeerCapabilities(1L shl 7)
 
         /** Noise-encrypted private BitchatFilePacket using payload type 0x20. */
         val PRIVATE_MEDIA = PeerCapabilities(1L shl PRIVATE_MEDIA_BIT_INDEX)
@@ -50,8 +48,28 @@ data class PeerCapabilities(val rawValue: Long) : Parcelable {
         /** Reserved by iOS; decode it but do not advertise or act on it. */
         val NON_DESTRUCTIVE_NOISE_REPLACEMENT = PeerCapabilities(1L shl 10)
 
+        /** Can bridge public mesh traffic through geohash rendezvous relays. */
+        val BRIDGE = PeerCapabilities(1L shl 7)
+
+        /** Publishes signed one-time prekeys for forward-secret courier mail. */
+        val PREKEYS = PeerCapabilities(1L shl 0)
+
         /** Capabilities implemented by this Android build. */
-        val LOCAL_SUPPORTED = PeerCapabilities(PRIVATE_MEDIA.rawValue or GROUPS.rawValue or BOARD.rawValue or VOUCH.rawValue)
+        @Deprecated("Use localSupported() so runtime bridge state is included")
+        val LOCAL_SUPPORTED = PeerCapabilities(PRIVATE_MEDIA.rawValue or PREKEYS.rawValue or GROUPS.rawValue or BOARD.rawValue or VOUCH.rawValue)
+
+        @Volatile
+        private var bridgeEnabled: Boolean = false
+
+        fun setBridgeEnabled(enabled: Boolean) {
+            bridgeEnabled = enabled
+        }
+
+        fun localSupported(): PeerCapabilities = PeerCapabilities(
+            LOCAL_SUPPORTED.rawValue or
+                PREKEYS.rawValue or
+                if (bridgeEnabled) BRIDGE.rawValue else 0L
+        )
 
         /**
          * Decode the low 64 bits and ignore any future extension bytes, which
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/PrekeyBundle.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/PrekeyBundle.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be5d7a81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/PrekeyBundle.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.model
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+import java.nio.ByteOrder
+
+/**
+ * Signed batch of one-time Curve25519 keys carried by MessageType.PREKEY_BUNDLE (0x24).
+ *
+ * The canonical signing bytes and TLV representation intentionally match the
+ * iOS BitFoundation implementation byte-for-byte.
+ */
+data class PrekeyBundle(
+    val noiseStaticPublicKey: ByteArray,
+    val prekeys: List<Prekey>,
+    val generatedAt: Long,
+    val signature: ByteArray
+) {
+    data class Prekey(val id: Long, val publicKey: ByteArray) {
+        init {
+            require(id in 0..0xFFFF_FFFFL)
+            require(publicKey.size == KEY_LENGTH)
+        }
+
+        override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean =
+            this === other ||
+                (other is Prekey && id == other.id && publicKey.contentEquals(other.publicKey))
+
+        override fun hashCode(): Int = 31 * id.hashCode() + publicKey.contentHashCode()
+    }
+
+    fun signableBytes(): ByteArray {
+        val output = ByteArrayOutputStream(
+            1 + SIGNING_CONTEXT.size + KEY_LENGTH + 1 + prekeys.size * PREKEY_ENTRY_LENGTH + Long.SIZE_BYTES
+        )
+        output.write(SIGNING_CONTEXT.size)
+        output.write(SIGNING_CONTEXT)
+        output.write(fixedKey(noiseStaticPublicKey))
+        output.write(prekeys.size.coerceAtMost(0xFF))
+        prekeys.take(0xFF).forEach { prekey ->
+            output.write(uint32Bytes(prekey.id))
+            output.write(fixedKey(prekey.publicKey))
+        }
+        output.write(uint64Bytes(generatedAt))
+        return output.toByteArray()
+    }
+
+    fun encode(): ByteArray? {
+        if (noiseStaticPublicKey.size != KEY_LENGTH ||
+            signature.size != SIGNATURE_LENGTH ||
+            prekeys.isEmpty() ||
+            prekeys.size > MAX_PREKEYS ||
+            prekeys.map { it.id }.distinct().size != prekeys.size
+        ) {
+            return null
+        }
+
+        val entries = ByteArrayOutputStream(prekeys.size * PREKEY_ENTRY_LENGTH)
+        prekeys.forEach { prekey ->
+            if (prekey.publicKey.size != KEY_LENGTH || prekey.id !in 0..0xFFFF_FFFFL) return null
+            entries.write(uint32Bytes(prekey.id))
+            entries.write(prekey.publicKey)
+        }
+
+        return Tlv16Codec.encode(
+            Tlv16Codec.Field(TLV_NOISE_STATIC_KEY, noiseStaticPublicKey),
+            Tlv16Codec.Field(TLV_PREKEYS, entries.toByteArray()),
+            Tlv16Codec.Field(TLV_GENERATED_AT, uint64Bytes(generatedAt)),
+            Tlv16Codec.Field(TLV_SIGNATURE, signature)
+        )
+    }
+
+    companion object {
+        const val KEY_LENGTH = 32
+        const val SIGNATURE_LENGTH = 64
+        const val MAX_PREKEYS = 8
+        private const val PREKEY_ENTRY_LENGTH = 4 + KEY_LENGTH
+
+        private val SIGNING_CONTEXT = "bitchat-prekey-bundle-v1".toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
+        private const val TLV_NOISE_STATIC_KEY = 0x01
+        private const val TLV_PREKEYS = 0x02
+        private const val TLV_GENERATED_AT = 0x03
+        private const val TLV_SIGNATURE = 0x04
+
+        fun decode(data: ByteArray): PrekeyBundle? {
+            var noiseStaticKey: ByteArray? = null
+            var prekeys: List<Prekey>? = null
+            var generatedAt: Long? = null
+            var signature: ByteArray? = null
+
+            Tlv16Codec.decode(data)?.forEach { field ->
+                when (field.type) {
+                    TLV_NOISE_STATIC_KEY -> {
+                        if (field.value.size != KEY_LENGTH) return null
+                        noiseStaticKey = field.value
+                    }
+                    TLV_PREKEYS -> {
+                        if (field.value.isEmpty() ||
+                            field.value.size % PREKEY_ENTRY_LENGTH != 0 ||
+                            field.value.size / PREKEY_ENTRY_LENGTH > MAX_PREKEYS
+                        ) {
+                            return null
+                        }
+                        val parsed = mutableListOf<Prekey>()
+                        var entryOffset = 0
+                        while (entryOffset < field.value.size) {
+                            val id = ByteBuffer.wrap(field.value, entryOffset, Int.SIZE_BYTES)
+                                .order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+                                .int.toLong() and 0xFFFF_FFFFL
+                            entryOffset += Int.SIZE_BYTES
+                            val publicKey =
+                                field.value.copyOfRange(entryOffset, entryOffset + KEY_LENGTH)
+                            entryOffset += KEY_LENGTH
+                            parsed += Prekey(id, publicKey)
+                        }
+                        if (parsed.map { it.id }.distinct().size != parsed.size) return null
+                        prekeys = parsed
+                    }
+                    TLV_GENERATED_AT -> {
+                        if (field.value.size != Long.SIZE_BYTES) return null
+                        generatedAt = ByteBuffer.wrap(field.value).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).long
+                    }
+                    TLV_SIGNATURE -> {
+                        if (field.value.size != SIGNATURE_LENGTH) return null
+                        signature = field.value
+                    }
+                }
+            } ?: return null
+
+            return runCatching {
+                PrekeyBundle(
+                    noiseStaticPublicKey = noiseStaticKey ?: return null,
+                    prekeys = prekeys?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() } ?: return null,
+                    generatedAt = generatedAt ?: return null,
+                    signature = signature ?: return null
+                )
+            }.getOrNull()
+        }
+
+        private fun uint32Bytes(value: Long): ByteArray =
+            ByteBuffer.allocate(Int.SIZE_BYTES)
+                .order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+                .putInt(value.toInt())
+                .array()
+
+        private fun uint64Bytes(value: Long): ByteArray =
+            ByteBuffer.allocate(Long.SIZE_BYTES)
+                .order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+                .putLong(value)
+                .array()
+
+        private fun fixedKey(key: ByteArray): ByteArray =
+            key.copyOf(KEY_LENGTH)
+    }
+
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean =
+        this === other ||
+            (other is PrekeyBundle &&
+                noiseStaticPublicKey.contentEquals(other.noiseStaticPublicKey) &&
+                prekeys == other.prekeys &&
+                generatedAt == other.generatedAt &&
+                signature.contentEquals(other.signature))
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int {
+        var result = noiseStaticPublicKey.contentHashCode()
+        result = 31 * result + prekeys.hashCode()
+        result = 31 * result + generatedAt.hashCode()
+        result = 31 * result + signature.contentHashCode()
+        return result
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/Tlv16Codec.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/Tlv16Codec.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4cc2783e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/model/Tlv16Codec.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.model
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
+
+/**
+ * Minimal unsigned 16-bit big-endian TLV codec used by bridge wire models.
+ *
+ * Semantic validation intentionally remains in each model. This helper only
+ * owns framing so every decoder rejects truncated and trailing data the same
+ * way.
+ */
+internal object Tlv16Codec {
+    data class Field(val type: Int, val value: ByteArray)
+
+    fun encode(vararg fields: Field): ByteArray? {
+        val output = ByteArrayOutputStream(
+            fields.sumOf { HEADER_SIZE + it.value.size }
+        )
+        fields.forEach { field ->
+            if (field.type !in 0..0xFF || field.value.size > 0xFFFF) return null
+            output.write(field.type)
+            output.write((field.value.size ushr 8) and 0xFF)
+            output.write(field.value.size and 0xFF)
+            output.write(field.value)
+        }
+        return output.toByteArray()
+    }
+
+    fun decode(data: ByteArray): List<Field>? {
+        val fields = mutableListOf<Field>()
+        var offset = 0
+        while (offset < data.size) {
+            if (data.size - offset < HEADER_SIZE) return null
+            val type = data[offset].toInt() and 0xFF
+            val length =
+                ((data[offset + 1].toInt() and 0xFF) shl 8) or
+                    (data[offset + 2].toInt() and 0xFF)
+            offset += HEADER_SIZE
+            if (length > data.size - offset) return null
+            fields += Field(type, data.copyOfRange(offset, offset + length))
+            offset += length
+        }
+        return fields
+    }
+
+    private const val HEADER_SIZE = 3
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/noise/CourierNoiseCrypto.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/noise/CourierNoiseCrypto.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f734cccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/noise/CourierNoiseCrypto.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.noise
+
+import com.bitchat.android.noise.southernstorm.protocol.HandshakeState
+import com.bitchat.android.noise.southernstorm.protocol.Noise
+
+/**
+ * One-message Noise X helper used by iOS-compatible courier envelopes.
+ *
+ * Protocol: Noise_X_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256
+ * Prologue: "bitchat-courier-v1"
+ */
+object CourierNoiseCrypto {
+    private const val PROTOCOL_NAME = "Noise_X_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256"
+    private val COURIER_PROLOGUE = "bitchat-courier-v1".toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
+    private val PREKEY_PROLOGUE_PREFIX = "bitchat-prekey-v1".toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
+    private const val X_OVERHEAD_BYTES = 32 + 48 + 16
+
+    data class Opened(val payload: ByteArray, val senderStaticKey: ByteArray)
+
+    fun seal(
+        payload: ByteArray,
+        senderStaticPrivateKey: ByteArray,
+        recipientStaticPublicKey: ByteArray
+    ): ByteArray = sealWithPrologue(
+        payload,
+        senderStaticPrivateKey,
+        recipientStaticPublicKey,
+        COURIER_PROLOGUE
+    )
+
+    fun sealToPrekey(
+        payload: ByteArray,
+        senderStaticPrivateKey: ByteArray,
+        recipientPrekey: com.bitchat.android.model.PrekeyBundle.Prekey
+    ): ByteArray = sealWithPrologue(
+        payload,
+        senderStaticPrivateKey,
+        recipientPrekey.publicKey,
+        prekeyPrologue(recipientPrekey.id)
+    )
+
+    private fun sealWithPrologue(
+        payload: ByteArray,
+        senderStaticPrivateKey: ByteArray,
+        recipientStaticPublicKey: ByteArray,
+        prologue: ByteArray
+    ): ByteArray {
+        require(senderStaticPrivateKey.size == 32)
+        require(recipientStaticPublicKey.size == 32)
+        val handshake = HandshakeState(PROTOCOL_NAME, HandshakeState.INITIATOR)
+        return try {
+            handshake.setPrologue(prologue, 0, prologue.size)
+            handshake.getLocalKeyPair().setPrivateKey(senderStaticPrivateKey, 0)
+            handshake.getRemotePublicKey().setPublicKey(recipientStaticPublicKey, 0)
+            handshake.start()
+            val message = ByteArray(payload.size + X_OVERHEAD_BYTES)
+            val length = handshake.writeMessage(message, 0, payload, 0, payload.size)
+            message.copyOf(length)
+        } finally {
+            handshake.destroy()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun open(
+        ciphertext: ByteArray,
+        recipientStaticPrivateKey: ByteArray
+    ): Opened = openWithPrologue(ciphertext, recipientStaticPrivateKey, COURIER_PROLOGUE)
+
+    fun openWithPrekey(
+        ciphertext: ByteArray,
+        recipientPrekeyPrivateKey: ByteArray,
+        prekeyId: Long
+    ): Opened = openWithPrologue(
+        ciphertext,
+        recipientPrekeyPrivateKey,
+        prekeyPrologue(prekeyId)
+    )
+
+    private fun openWithPrologue(
+        ciphertext: ByteArray,
+        recipientStaticPrivateKey: ByteArray,
+        prologue: ByteArray
+    ): Opened {
+        require(recipientStaticPrivateKey.size == 32)
+        val handshake = HandshakeState(PROTOCOL_NAME, HandshakeState.RESPONDER)
+        return try {
+            handshake.setPrologue(prologue, 0, prologue.size)
+            handshake.getLocalKeyPair().setPrivateKey(recipientStaticPrivateKey, 0)
+            handshake.start()
+            val payload = ByteArray(ciphertext.size)
+            val length = handshake.readMessage(ciphertext, 0, ciphertext.size, payload, 0)
+            val senderKey = ByteArray(handshake.getRemotePublicKey().publicKeyLength)
+            handshake.getRemotePublicKey().getPublicKey(senderKey, 0)
+            Opened(payload.copyOf(length), senderKey)
+        } finally {
+            handshake.destroy()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Test/support helper that derives the X25519 public key used on the wire. */
+    fun publicKey(privateKey: ByteArray): ByteArray {
+        require(privateKey.size == 32)
+        val key = Noise.createDH("25519")
+        return try {
+            key.setPrivateKey(privateKey, 0)
+            ByteArray(key.publicKeyLength).also { key.getPublicKey(it, 0) }
+        } finally {
+            key.destroy()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun prekeyPrologue(prekeyId: Long): ByteArray {
+        require(prekeyId in 0..0xFFFF_FFFFL)
+        return PREKEY_PROLOGUE_PREFIX + byteArrayOf(
+            (prekeyId ushr 24).toByte(),
+            (prekeyId ushr 16).toByte(),
+            (prekeyId ushr 8).toByte(),
+            prekeyId.toByte()
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/BridgeCourierService.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/BridgeCourierService.kt
index d3ca9208..c7120f5b 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/BridgeCourierService.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/BridgeCourierService.kt
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ internal interface BridgeCourierCipher {
     fun staticPublicKey(): ByteArray?
 
     fun seal(payload: ByteArray, recipientNoiseKey: ByteArray): ByteArray
+
+    fun sealWithPrekey(payload: ByteArray, recipientNoiseKey: ByteArray): Pair<ByteArray, UInt?> =
+        seal(payload, recipientNoiseKey) to null
 }
 
 private class NostrBridgeCourierRelay(
@@ -77,12 +80,20 @@ private class NostrBridgeCourierRelay(
 }
 
 private class EncryptionBridgeCourierCipher(
-    private val encryptionService: EncryptionService
+    private val encryptionService: EncryptionService,
+    private val prekeys: com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.PrekeyManager
 ) : BridgeCourierCipher {
     override fun staticPublicKey(): ByteArray? = encryptionService.getStaticPublicKey()
 
     override fun seal(payload: ByteArray, recipientNoiseKey: ByteArray): ByteArray =
         encryptionService.sealCourierPayload(payload, recipientNoiseKey)
+
+    override fun sealWithPrekey(payload: ByteArray, recipientNoiseKey: ByteArray): Pair<ByteArray, UInt?> {
+        val id = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256").digest(payload)
+            .joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }
+        val sealed = prekeys.seal(payload, id, recipientNoiseKey, recipientAdvertisesPrekeys = true)
+        return sealed.ciphertext to sealed.prekeyId?.toUInt()
+    }
 }
 
 /** Parks opaque courier envelopes on default Nostr relays using the iOS kind-1401 contract. */
@@ -92,18 +103,20 @@ class BridgeCourierService internal constructor(
     private val relayManager: BridgeCourierRelay,
     private val relayUrls: List<String> = NostrRelayManager.defaultRelays(),
     private val clock: () -> Long = System::currentTimeMillis,
-    private val identityFactory: () -> NostrIdentity = NostrIdentity::generate
+    private val identityFactory: () -> NostrIdentity = NostrIdentity::generate,
+    private val enabled: () -> Boolean = { true }
 ) {
     constructor(
         context: Context,
         encryptionService: EncryptionService,
         onEnvelope: (CourierEnvelope) -> Unit
     ) : this(
-        cipher = EncryptionBridgeCourierCipher(encryptionService),
+        cipher = EncryptionBridgeCourierCipher(encryptionService, com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.PrekeyManager.getInstance(context)),
         onEnvelope = onEnvelope,
         relayManager = NostrBridgeCourierRelay(
             NostrRelayManager.getInstance(context.applicationContext)
-        )
+        ),
+        enabled = { com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.MeshBridgeService.isEnabled.value }
     )
 
     companion object {
@@ -125,6 +138,7 @@ class BridgeCourierService internal constructor(
 
     @Synchronized
     fun start() {
+        if (!enabled()) return
         val localKey = cipher.staticPublicKey() ?: ByteArray(0)
         if (localKey.size == 32) {
             val now = clock()
@@ -177,14 +191,16 @@ class BridgeCourierService internal constructor(
         recipientNoiseKey: ByteArray,
         onAccepted: () -> Unit = {}
     ): Boolean {
+        if (!enabled()) return false
         start()
         if (!relayManager.hasConnectedRelay(relayUrls)) return false
-        val sealed = try { cipher.seal(typedPayload, recipientNoiseKey) } catch (_: Exception) { return false }
+        val sealed = try { cipher.sealWithPrekey(typedPayload, recipientNoiseKey) } catch (_: Exception) { return false }
         val now = clock()
         val envelope = CourierEnvelope(
             recipientTag = CourierEnvelope.recipientTag(recipientNoiseKey, CourierEnvelope.epochDay(now)),
             expiry = (now + CourierEnvelope.MAX_LIFETIME_MS).toULong(),
-            ciphertext = sealed,
+            ciphertext = sealed.first,
+            prekeyID = sealed.second,
             copies = 1u
         )
         val encoded = envelope.encode() ?: return false
@@ -202,6 +218,7 @@ class BridgeCourierService internal constructor(
                 content = Base64.encodeToString(encoded, Base64.NO_WRAP)
             )
         )
+        if (!enabled()) return false
         return relayManager.sendEvent(event, relayUrls, onAccepted)
     }
 
@@ -214,6 +231,7 @@ class BridgeCourierService internal constructor(
     }
 
     private fun handleEvent(event: NostrEvent) {
+        if (!enabled()) return
         if (event.kind != KIND || !event.isValidSignature()) return
         synchronized(seenEvents) { if (seenEvents.put(event.id, Unit) != null) return }
         if (event.content.length > ((MAX_ENCODED_BYTES + 2) / 3) * 4) return
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/MeshMessageIdentity.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/MeshMessageIdentity.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..553da1de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/MeshMessageIdentity.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.nostr
+
+import java.security.MessageDigest
+
+/** Cross-platform stable identity for a public mesh radio/bridge copy. */
+object MeshMessageIdentity {
+    fun stableId(senderIdHex: String, timestampMs: Long, content: String): String {
+        val input = "${senderIdHex.lowercase()}|$timestampMs|${content.trim()}"
+        return MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256")
+            .digest(input.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8))
+            .joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }
+            .take(32)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrFilter.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrFilter.kt
index df67822f..ba7ebac0 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrFilter.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrFilter.kt
@@ -69,6 +69,28 @@ data class NostrFilter(
                 limit = limit
             )
         }
+
+        fun bridgeRendezvous(
+            cells: Collection<String>,
+            since: Long? = null,
+            limit: Int = 200
+        ): NostrFilter = NostrFilter(
+            kinds = listOf(NostrKind.EPHEMERAL_EVENT, NostrKind.GEOHASH_PRESENCE),
+            since = since?.let { (it / 1000).toInt() },
+            tagFilters = mapOf("r" to cells.toList()),
+            limit = limit
+        )
+
+        fun courierDrops(
+            recipientTagsHex: Collection<String>,
+            since: Long? = null,
+            limit: Int = 100
+        ): NostrFilter = NostrFilter(
+            kinds = listOf(NostrKind.COURIER_DROP),
+            since = since?.let { (it / 1000).toInt() },
+            tagFilters = mapOf("x" to recipientTagsHex.toList()),
+            limit = limit
+        )
         
         /**
          * Create filter for text notes from specific authors
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrIdentity.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrIdentity.kt
index 665bfd50..ebe32e74 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrIdentity.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrIdentity.kt
@@ -176,6 +176,39 @@ object NostrIdentityBridge {
         Log.d(TAG, "Used fallback geohash identity derivation")
         return fallbackIdentity
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Derive the iOS-compatible bridge rendezvous identity. The domain label
+     * prevents linking it to geohash-chat identity and the iteration is
+     * encoded big-endian, matching CryptoKit's UInt32.bigEndian bytes.
+     */
+    fun deriveBridgeIdentity(cell: String, context: Context): NostrIdentity {
+        val label = "bridge|$cell"
+        geohashIdentityCache[label]?.let { return it }
+        val stateManager = SecureIdentityStateManager(context)
+        val seed = getOrCreateDeviceSeed(stateManager)
+        val message = label.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
+
+        for (iteration in 0 until 10) {
+            val input = message + byteArrayOf(
+                (iteration ushr 24).toByte(),
+                (iteration ushr 16).toByte(),
+                (iteration ushr 8).toByte(),
+                iteration.toByte()
+            )
+            val candidate = hmacSha256(seed, input).toHexStringLocal()
+            if (NostrCrypto.isValidPrivateKey(candidate)) {
+                return NostrIdentity.fromPrivateKey(candidate).also {
+                    geohashIdentityCache[label] = it
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        val fallback = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256").digest(seed + message)
+        return NostrIdentity.fromPrivateKey(fallback.toHexStringLocal()).also {
+            geohashIdentityCache[label] = it
+        }
+    }
     
     /**
      * Generate candidate key for a specific iteration (matches iOS implementation)
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrProtocol.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrProtocol.kt
index 965d8f90..bf33407c 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrProtocol.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrProtocol.kt
@@ -65,6 +65,12 @@ object NostrProtocol {
         Log.v(TAG, "Starting decryption of gift wrap: ${giftWrap.id.take(16)}...")
         
         return try {
+            val recipientTags = listOf(listOf("p", recipientIdentity.publicKeyHex))
+            if (giftWrap.content.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8).size > 64 * 1024 ||
+                giftWrap.kind != NostrKind.GIFT_WRAP || giftWrap.tags != recipientTags ||
+                !NostrTimestampPolicy.isAcceptableGiftWrapTimestamp(giftWrap.createdAt) ||
+                !giftWrap.isValidSignature()
+            ) return null
             // 1. Unwrap the gift wrap
             val seal = unwrapGiftWrap(giftWrap, recipientIdentity.privateKeyHex)
                 ?: run {
@@ -74,7 +80,7 @@ object NostrProtocol {
             
             Log.v(TAG, "Successfully unwrapped gift wrap from: ${seal.pubkey.take(16)}...")
 
-            if (seal.kind != NostrKind.SEAL || !seal.isValidSignature()) {
+            if (seal.kind != NostrKind.SEAL || seal.tags.isNotEmpty() || !seal.isValidSignature()) {
                 Log.w(TAG, "❌ Invalid NIP-17 seal signature")
                 return null
             }
@@ -86,7 +92,10 @@ object NostrProtocol {
                     return null
                 }
 
-            if (seal.pubkey != rumor.pubkey) {
+            if (seal.pubkey != rumor.pubkey || rumor.kind != NostrKind.DIRECT_MESSAGE ||
+                (rumor.tags.isNotEmpty() && rumor.tags != recipientTags) || rumor.sig != null ||
+                !NostrTimestampPolicy.isPlausibleRumorTimestamp(rumor.createdAt)
+            ) {
                 Log.w(TAG, "❌ NIP-17 seal pubkey does not match rumor pubkey")
                 return null
             }
@@ -235,6 +244,73 @@ object NostrProtocol {
         
         return@withContext senderIdentity.signEvent(event)
     }
+
+    /** iOS-compatible public mesh event on a bridge rendezvous cell. */
+    fun createBridgeMeshEvent(
+        content: String,
+        cell: String,
+        senderIdentity: NostrIdentity,
+        nickname: String? = null,
+        meshSenderId: String? = null,
+        meshTimestampMs: Long? = null
+    ): NostrEvent {
+        val tags = mutableListOf<List<String>>(listOf("r", cell))
+        nickname?.trim()?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }?.let { tags += listOf("n", it) }
+        val sender = meshSenderId?.trim()?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+        if (sender != null && meshTimestampMs != null) {
+            tags += listOf(
+                "m",
+                MeshMessageIdentity.stableId(sender, meshTimestampMs, content),
+                sender,
+                meshTimestampMs.toString()
+            )
+        }
+        return senderIdentity.signEvent(
+            NostrEvent(
+                pubkey = senderIdentity.publicKeyHex,
+                createdAt = (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000).toInt(),
+                kind = NostrKind.EPHEMERAL_EVENT,
+                tags = tags,
+                content = content
+            )
+        )
+    }
+
+    /** Empty bridge-presence heartbeat, deliberately separate from `#g` chat. */
+    fun createBridgePresenceEvent(
+        cell: String,
+        senderIdentity: NostrIdentity
+    ): NostrEvent = senderIdentity.signEvent(
+        NostrEvent(
+            pubkey = senderIdentity.publicKeyHex,
+            createdAt = (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000).toInt(),
+            kind = NostrKind.GEOHASH_PRESENCE,
+            tags = listOf(listOf("r", cell)),
+            content = ""
+        )
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * Opaque relay drop. Callers use a throwaway identity so deposits cannot
+     * be linked by their Nostr publisher key.
+     */
+    fun createCourierDropEvent(
+        envelope: ByteArray,
+        recipientTagHex: String,
+        expiresAtMs: Long,
+        senderIdentity: NostrIdentity
+    ): NostrEvent = senderIdentity.signEvent(
+        NostrEvent(
+            pubkey = senderIdentity.publicKeyHex,
+            createdAt = (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000).toInt(),
+            kind = NostrKind.COURIER_DROP,
+            tags = listOf(
+                listOf("x", recipientTagHex),
+                listOf("expiration", (expiresAtMs / 1000).toString())
+            ),
+            content = android.util.Base64.encodeToString(envelope, android.util.Base64.NO_WRAP)
+        )
+    )
     
     // MARK: - Private Methods
     
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/protocol/BinaryProtocol.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/protocol/BinaryProtocol.kt
index 1024f244..45612907 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/protocol/BinaryProtocol.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/protocol/BinaryProtocol.kt
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ enum class MessageType(val value: UByte) {
     FILE_TRANSFER(0x22u), // New: File transfer packet (BLE voice notes, etc.)
     VOICE_FRAME(0x29u), // Ephemeral live push-to-talk frame; never added to gossip sync
     BOARD_POST(0x23u),
-    GROUP_MESSAGE(0x25u); // Opaque private-group ciphertext broadcast
+    GROUP_MESSAGE(0x25u), // Opaque private-group ciphertext broadcast
+    PREKEY_BUNDLE(0x24u), // Signed batch of one-time courier prekeys
+    NOSTR_CARRIER(0x28u); // Signed bridge/gateway event carrier
 
     companion object {
         fun fromValue(value: UByte): MessageType? {
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/AppStateStore.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/AppStateStore.kt
index 4f4857f8..ebcaac69 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/AppStateStore.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/AppStateStore.kt
@@ -188,6 +188,11 @@ object AppStateStore {
 
     fun addPublicMessage(msg: BitchatMessage) {
         synchronized(this) {
+            if (!msg.isBridged) {
+                _publicMessages.value = _publicMessages.value.filterNot {
+                    it.isBridged && it.bridgeRadioMessageIdHint == msg.id
+                }
+            }
             val publicKey = publicMessageKey(msg)
             if (seenMessageIds.contains(msg.id) || seenPublicMessageKeys.contains(publicKey)) return
             seenMessageIds.add(msg.id)
@@ -196,6 +201,10 @@ object AppStateStore {
         }
     }
 
+    fun hasRadioPublicMessage(messageId: String): Boolean = synchronized(this) {
+        _publicMessages.value.any { !it.isBridged && it.id == messageId }
+    }
+
     /** Replace a live media row by ID, or append it if the row was not admitted yet. */
     fun upsertPublicMessage(msg: BitchatMessage) {
         synchronized(this) {
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/PublicMessageReconciler.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/PublicMessageReconciler.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12365c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/PublicMessageReconciler.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services
+
+import com.bitchat.android.model.BitchatMessage
+
+/**
+ * Owns public-timeline replay deduplication and bridge/radio reconciliation.
+ *
+ * The store remains responsible for synchronization and cross-timeline IDs;
+ * this class keeps bridge-specific alias policy independently testable.
+ */
+internal class PublicMessageReconciler {
+    data class Result(
+        val messages: List<BitchatMessage>,
+        val accepted: Boolean
+    )
+
+    private val seenKeys = mutableSetOf<String>()
+
+    fun reconcile(
+        existing: List<BitchatMessage>,
+        incoming: BitchatMessage,
+        messageIdAlreadySeen: Boolean
+    ): Result {
+        val withoutBridgeAliases = if (incoming.isBridged) {
+            existing
+        } else {
+            existing.filterNot {
+                it.isBridged && it.bridgeRadioMessageIdHint == incoming.id
+            }
+        }
+        val key = publicMessageKey(incoming)
+        if (messageIdAlreadySeen || key in seenKeys) {
+            return Result(withoutBridgeAliases, accepted = false)
+        }
+        seenKeys += key
+        return Result(withoutBridgeAliases + incoming, accepted = true)
+    }
+
+    fun clear() {
+        seenKeys.clear()
+    }
+
+    private fun publicMessageKey(message: BitchatMessage): String {
+        val sender = message.senderPeerID ?: message.sender
+        return listOf(
+            sender,
+            message.timestamp.time.toString(),
+            message.type.name,
+            message.channel ?: "",
+            message.content
+        ).joinToString("\u001F")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeCollections.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeCollections.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0a0610f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeCollections.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services.bridge
+
+import android.content.SharedPreferences
+import androidx.core.content.edit
+import com.google.gson.Gson
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken
+
+internal class BoundedIdSet(private val capacity: Int) {
+    private val values = LinkedHashSet<String>()
+
+    fun add(id: String): Boolean {
+        if (!values.add(id)) return false
+        while (values.size > capacity) values.remove(values.first())
+        return true
+    }
+
+    fun contains(id: String): Boolean = id in values
+
+    fun clear() = values.clear()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Owns one logical relay subscription while assigning a distinct wire ID to
+ * every replacement. Relay CLOSE/REQ writes may execute out of order, but a
+ * delayed close can only affect the retired generation.
+ *
+ * Callers keep this object confined to their coordinator dispatcher.
+ */
+internal class RelaySubscriptionSlot(private val idPrefix: String) {
+    private var generation = 0L
+    private var activeId: String? = null
+
+    fun replace(close: (String) -> Unit, open: (String) -> Unit): String {
+        activeId?.let(close)
+        val replacementId = "$idPrefix-${++generation}"
+        activeId = replacementId
+        try {
+            open(replacementId)
+        } catch (error: Throwable) {
+            activeId = null
+            throw error
+        }
+        return replacementId
+    }
+
+    fun close(close: (String) -> Unit) {
+        val id = activeId ?: return
+        activeId = null
+        close(id)
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A small insertion-ordered expiring set. Callers own synchronization; bridge
+ * coordinators keep each instance confined to their serial dispatcher.
+ */
+internal class PersistentExpiringIdSet(
+    private val preferences: SharedPreferences,
+    private val key: String,
+    private val capacity: Int
+) {
+    private val gson = Gson()
+    private val values: LinkedHashMap<String, Long> = load()
+
+    fun contains(id: String, nowMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis()): Boolean {
+        prune(nowMs)
+        return (values[id] ?: return false) > nowMs
+    }
+
+    fun add(id: String, lifetimeMs: Long, nowMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis()) {
+        prune(nowMs)
+        values.remove(id)
+        values[id] = nowMs + lifetimeMs
+        while (values.size > capacity) values.remove(values.keys.first())
+        persist()
+    }
+
+    fun clear() {
+        values.clear()
+        preferences.edit { remove(key) }
+    }
+
+    private fun prune(nowMs: Long) {
+        val changed = values.entries.removeAll { it.value <= nowMs }
+        if (changed) persist()
+    }
+
+    private fun load(): LinkedHashMap<String, Long> {
+        val type = object : TypeToken<Map<String, Long>>() {}.type
+        val decoded: Map<String, Long> = runCatching {
+            preferences.getString(key, null)
+                ?.let { json -> gson.fromJson<Map<String, Long>>(json, type) }
+        }.getOrNull() ?: emptyMap()
+        return LinkedHashMap(decoded)
+    }
+
+    private fun persist() {
+        preferences.edit { putString(key, gson.toJson(values)) }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeModels.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeModels.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60323cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeModels.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services.bridge
+
+import com.bitchat.android.model.PeerCapabilities
+
+data class BridgedParticipant(
+    val pubkey: String,
+    val nickname: String?,
+    val lastSeenMs: Long
+) {
+    val displayName: String
+        get() = "${nickname?.trim()?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() } ?: "anon"}#${pubkey.takeLast(4)}"
+}
+
+data class BridgeUiState(
+    val enabled: Boolean = false,
+    val nearbyOnly: Boolean = false,
+    val participants: List<BridgedParticipant> = emptyList()
+)
+
+sealed interface CourierDepositResult {
+    data object Published : CourierDepositResult
+    data object ForwardedToGateway : CourierDepositResult
+    data object QueuedLocally : CourierDepositResult
+    data object AlreadyPublished : CourierDepositResult
+    data class Rejected(val reason: Reason) : CourierDepositResult
+
+    enum class Reason {
+        BRIDGE_DISABLED,
+        CONTENT_TOO_LARGE,
+        INVALID_MESSAGE,
+        ENCRYPTION_FAILED
+    }
+}
+
+internal data class VerifiedBridgePeer(
+    val peerId: String,
+    val nickname: String,
+    val noiseKey: ByteArray,
+    val signingKey: ByteArray,
+    val isVerifiedNickname: Boolean,
+    val capabilities: PeerCapabilities?,
+    val bridgeCell: String?,
+    val lastSeenMs: Long
+)
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgePacketSignatureVerifier.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgePacketSignatureVerifier.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dcc1f668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgePacketSignatureVerifier.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services.bridge
+
+import com.bitchat.android.protocol.BitchatPacket
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.Ed25519PublicKeyParameters
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.signers.Ed25519Signer
+
+/**
+ * Verifies bridge protocol packets against the signing key bound by the
+ * sender's authenticated announcement.
+ */
+internal object BridgePacketSignatureVerifier {
+    fun verify(packet: BitchatPacket, publicKey: ByteArray): Boolean {
+        val signature = packet.signature?.takeIf { it.size == 64 } ?: return false
+        val signingData = packet.toBinaryDataForSigning() ?: return false
+        if (publicKey.size != 32) return false
+        return runCatching {
+            Ed25519Signer().apply {
+                init(false, Ed25519PublicKeyParameters(publicKey, 0))
+                update(signingData, 0, signingData.size)
+            }.verifySignature(signature)
+        }.getOrDefault(false)
+    }
+}
+
+internal object CourierDepositAuthenticator {
+    fun authenticate(
+        packet: BitchatPacket,
+        fromPeerId: String,
+        directIngress: Boolean,
+        peers: List<VerifiedBridgePeer>,
+        isTrusted: (VerifiedBridgePeer) -> Boolean
+    ): VerifiedBridgePeer? {
+        if (!directIngress || packet.senderID.toHex() != fromPeerId) return null
+        val peer = peers.firstOrNull { it.peerId == fromPeerId } ?: return null
+        if (!BridgePacketSignatureVerifier.verify(packet, peer.signingKey)) return null
+        return peer.takeIf(isTrusted)
+    }
+
+    private fun ByteArray.toHex(): String = joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeProtocolPacketFactory.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeProtocolPacketFactory.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..247d6a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeProtocolPacketFactory.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services.bridge
+
+import com.bitchat.android.mesh.MeshPacketUtils
+import com.bitchat.android.mesh.BridgeMeshPort
+import com.bitchat.android.model.IdentityAnnouncement
+import com.bitchat.android.protocol.BitchatPacket
+import com.bitchat.android.protocol.MessageType
+
+/**
+ * Shared construction policy for bridge protocol packets emitted by BLE and
+ * Wi-Fi Aware mesh implementations.
+ */
+internal object BridgeProtocolPacketFactory {
+    fun protocolPacket(
+        type: MessageType,
+        payload: ByteArray,
+        senderPeerId: String,
+        recipientPeerId: String?,
+        ttl: UByte,
+        nowMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis()
+    ): BitchatPacket? {
+        if (payload.isEmpty()) return null
+        return BitchatPacket(
+            version = if (payload.size > 0xFFFF) 2u else 1u,
+            type = type.value,
+            senderID = MeshPacketUtils.hexStringToByteArray(senderPeerId),
+            recipientID = recipientPeerId?.let(MeshPacketUtils::hexStringToByteArray),
+            timestamp = nowMs.toULong(),
+            payload = payload,
+            signature = null,
+            ttl = ttl
+        )
+    }
+
+    fun identityAnnouncement(
+        nickname: String,
+        noiseStaticKey: ByteArray,
+        signingKey: ByteArray
+    ): IdentityAnnouncement =
+        IdentityAnnouncement.forLocalPeer(
+            nickname,
+            noiseStaticKey,
+            signingKey,
+            BridgeMeshPort.advertisedCell()
+        )
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/MeshBridgeService.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/MeshBridgeService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75027555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/MeshBridgeService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services.bridge
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
+import android.content.Context
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.core.content.edit
+import com.bitchat.android.favorites.FavoritesPersistenceService
+import com.bitchat.android.geohash.Geohash
+import com.bitchat.android.geohash.GeohashChannelLevel
+import com.bitchat.android.geohash.LocationChannelManager
+import com.bitchat.android.mesh.MeshService
+import com.bitchat.android.mesh.BridgeMeshDelegate
+import com.bitchat.android.mesh.BridgeOutboundPolicy
+import com.bitchat.android.model.BitchatMessage
+import com.bitchat.android.model.IdentityAnnouncement
+import com.bitchat.android.model.NostrCarrierPacket
+import com.bitchat.android.model.PeerCapabilities
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.MeshMessageIdentity
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.NostrEvent
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.NostrFilter
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.NostrIdentityBridge
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.NostrKind
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.NostrProtocol
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.NostrRelayManager
+import com.bitchat.android.protocol.BitchatPacket
+import com.bitchat.android.services.AppStateStore
+import com.bitchat.android.services.ContactIdentityResolver
+import com.bitchat.android.ui.DataManager
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
+import kotlinx.coroutines.SupervisorJob
+import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.distinctUntilChanged
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.map
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import java.util.Date
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference
+import kotlin.math.abs
+
+/**
+ * Opt-in bridge policy shared by foreground transport and Compose UI.
+ *
+ * Outbound public traffic crosses the bridge only when the author opted in
+ * and did not mark the message nearby-only. Passive `fromBridge` reception is
+ * accepted regardless of the switch because it exposes no local traffic.
+ */
+object MeshBridgeService : BridgeMeshDelegate {
+    private data class PendingUplink(
+        val depositor: String,
+        val cell: String,
+        val event: NostrEvent
+    )
+
+    private data class PendingDownlink(
+        val cell: String,
+        val event: NostrEvent
+    )
+
+    private const val TAG = "MeshBridgeService"
+    private const val PREFS = "bitchat_bridge"
+    private const val KEY_ENABLED = "bridge_enabled_v1"
+    private const val CELL_PRECISION = 6
+    private const val MAX_EVENT_AGE_MS = 15L * 60 * 1000
+    private const val MAX_CONTENT_BYTES = 16_000
+    private const val MAX_TRACKED_IDS = 512
+    private const val MAX_PARTICIPANTS = 128
+    private const val PARTICIPANT_FRESH_MS = 10L * 60 * 1000
+    private const val PRESENCE_INTERVAL_MS = 4L * 60 * 1000
+    private const val MAX_QUEUED_UPLINKS = 20
+    private const val MAX_UPLINKS_PER_DEPOSITOR = 5
+    private const val UPLINKS_PER_MINUTE_PER_DEPOSITOR = 10
+    private const val MAX_PENDING_DOWNLINKS = 30
+    private const val DOWNLINKS_PER_MINUTE = 20
+    private const val INBOUND_PER_MINUTE = 600
+    private const val INBOUND_PER_SIGNER_PER_MINUTE = 120
+    private const val SIGNATURE_ATTEMPTS_PER_MINUTE = 720
+
+    private val dispatcher = Dispatchers.Default.limitedParallelism(1)
+    private val scope = CoroutineScope(SupervisorJob() + dispatcher)
+    private val _isEnabled = MutableStateFlow(false)
+    val isEnabled: StateFlow<Boolean> = _isEnabled.asStateFlow()
+    private val _nearbyOnly = MutableStateFlow(false)
+    val nearbyOnly: StateFlow<Boolean> = _nearbyOnly.asStateFlow()
+    private val _activeCell = MutableStateFlow<String?>(null)
+    val activeCell: StateFlow<String?> = _activeCell.asStateFlow()
+    private val _bridgedParticipants = MutableStateFlow<List<BridgedParticipant>>(emptyList())
+    val bridgedParticipants: StateFlow<List<BridgedParticipant>> = _bridgedParticipants.asStateFlow()
+    private val outboundPolicy = AtomicReference(BridgeOutboundPolicy.Denied)
+    private val rendezvousSubscription = RelaySubscriptionSlot("mesh-bridge-rendezvous")
+
+    @Volatile
+    private var appContext: Context? = null
+    private var relayManager: NostrRelayManager? = null
+    private var prekeyCoordinator: PrekeyCoordinator? = null
+    private var prefs: android.content.SharedPreferences? = null
+    @Volatile
+    private var meshProvider: () -> MeshService? = { null }
+    private var clock: () -> Long = System::currentTimeMillis
+    private var jitter: (Long, Long) -> Long = kotlin.random.Random::nextLong
+    private var localLocationCell: String? = null
+    private var subscribedCells: Set<String> = emptySet()
+    private val verifiedPeers = linkedMapOf<String, VerifiedBridgePeer>()
+    private val verifiedPeerSnapshot = AtomicReference<List<VerifiedBridgePeer>>(emptyList())
+    private val publishedEventIds = BoundedIdSet(MAX_TRACKED_IDS)
+    private val receivedEventIds = BoundedIdSet(MAX_TRACKED_IDS)
+    private val meshBroadcastEventIds = BoundedIdSet(MAX_TRACKED_IDS)
+    private val rebroadcastEventIds = BoundedIdSet(MAX_TRACKED_IDS)
+    private val injectedEventIds = BoundedIdSet(MAX_TRACKED_IDS)
+    private val radioMessageIds = BoundedIdSet(MAX_TRACKED_IDS)
+    private val queuedUplinks = mutableListOf<PendingUplink>()
+    private val pendingDownlinks = mutableListOf<PendingDownlink>()
+    private val participants = linkedMapOf<String, BridgedParticipant>()
+    private val uplinkTimes = mutableMapOf<String, MutableList<Long>>()
+    private val inboundTimes = mutableListOf<Long>()
+    private val inboundTimesBySigner = mutableMapOf<String, MutableList<Long>>()
+    private val downlinkTimes = mutableListOf<Long>()
+    private val signatureAttemptTimes = mutableListOf<Long>()
+    private var downlinkJob: Job? = null
+    private var presenceJob: Job? = null
+    @Volatile
+    private var suppressPrekeyBroadcasts = false
+    @Volatile
+    private var panicQuiesced = false
+
+    fun initialize(
+        context: Context,
+        meshProvider: () -> MeshService? = {
+            com.bitchat.android.service.MeshServiceHolder.unifiedMeshService
+        },
+        clock: () -> Long = System::currentTimeMillis,
+        jitter: (Long, Long) -> Long = kotlin.random.Random::nextLong
+    ) {
+        if (appContext != null) return
+        synchronized(this) {
+            if (appContext != null) return
+            val application = context.applicationContext
+            appContext = application
+            this.meshProvider = meshProvider
+            this.clock = clock
+            this.jitter = jitter
+            relayManager = NostrRelayManager.getInstance(application)
+            val prekeyManager = PrekeyManager.getInstance(application)
+            prefs = application.getSharedPreferences(PREFS, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
+            val storedEnabled = loadEnabledWithMigration(prefs!!)
+            _isEnabled.value = storedEnabled && !panicQuiesced
+            if (panicQuiesced && storedEnabled) {
+                prefs?.edit { putBoolean(KEY_ENABLED, false) }
+            }
+            outboundPolicy.set(
+                BridgeOutboundPolicy.capture(
+                    enabled = _isEnabled.value,
+                    nearbyOnly = _nearbyOnly.value
+                )
+            )
+            PeerCapabilities.setBridgeEnabled(_isEnabled.value)
+            prekeyCoordinator = PrekeyCoordinator(
+                manager = prekeyManager,
+                meshProvider = ::currentMesh,
+                peersProvider = verifiedPeerSnapshot::get,
+                clock = clock
+            )
+
+        }
+
+        val location = LocationChannelManager.getInstance(context)
+        scope.launch {
+            location.availableChannels.collect { channels ->
+                if (!_isEnabled.value) {
+                    localLocationCell = null
+                    return@collect
+                }
+                localLocationCell = channels
+                    .firstOrNull { it.level == GeohashChannelLevel.NEIGHBORHOOD }
+                    ?.geohash
+                    ?.take(CELL_PRECISION)
+                refreshRendezvous()
+            }
+        }
+        scope.launch {
+            relayManager?.isConnected?.collect { connected ->
+                if (connected) {
+                    refreshRendezvous(forceSubscriptions = true)
+                    flushQueuedUplinks()
+                    publishPresence()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        scope.launch {
+            val defaultRelays = NostrRelayManager.defaultRelays().toSet()
+            relayManager?.relays
+                ?.map { relays ->
+                    relays.asSequence()
+                        .filter { it.isConnected && it.url in defaultRelays }
+                        .map { it.url }
+                        .toSet()
+                }
+                ?.distinctUntilChanged()
+                ?.collect { connectedDefaults ->
+                }
+        }
+        scope.launch {
+            if (_isEnabled.value) {
+                relayManager?.connect()
+                location.refreshChannels(
+                    forceFresh = true,
+                    updatePlaceNames = false
+                )
+                refreshRendezvous(forceSubscriptions = true)
+            }
+            if (_isEnabled.value) startPresenceLoop()
+            delay(2_000)
+            broadcastPrekeys(force = true)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun setEnabled(enabled: Boolean) {
+        if (outboundPolicy.get().enabled == enabled) return
+        if (enabled) {
+            panicQuiesced = false
+            suppressPrekeyBroadcasts = false
+        }
+        outboundPolicy.set(BridgeOutboundPolicy.capture(enabled, nearbyOnly = false))
+        _isEnabled.value = enabled
+        prefs?.edit { putBoolean(KEY_ENABLED, enabled) }
+        PeerCapabilities.setBridgeEnabled(enabled)
+        _nearbyOnly.value = false
+        scope.launch {
+            if (!enabled) {
+                stopPresenceLoop()
+                closeSubscriptions()
+                queuedUplinks.clear()
+                pendingDownlinks.clear()
+                participants.clear()
+                publishParticipants()
+                localLocationCell = null
+                _activeCell.value = null
+            } else {
+                startPresenceLoop()
+                relayManager?.connect()
+                LocationChannelManager.getInstance(requireContext())
+                    .refreshChannels(
+                        forceFresh = true,
+                        updatePlaceNames = false
+                    )
+                refreshRendezvous(forceSubscriptions = true)
+                broadcastPrekeys(force = true)
+            }
+            currentMesh()?.sendBroadcastAnnounce()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun setNearbyOnly(enabled: Boolean) {
+        outboundPolicy.updateAndGet { current ->
+            BridgeOutboundPolicy.capture(current.enabled, nearbyOnly = enabled)
+        }
+        _nearbyOnly.value = enabled
+    }
+
+    /** Cell included in announce TLV 0x06 while the bridge switch is on. */
+    override fun advertisedCell(): String? = _activeCell.value.takeIf { _isEnabled.value }
+
+    override fun outboundPolicy(): BridgeOutboundPolicy = outboundPolicy.get()
+
+    override fun bridgeOutgoing(
+        content: String,
+        senderPeerId: String,
+        timestampMs: Long,
+        nickname: String?,
+        policyAtSend: BridgeOutboundPolicy
+    ) {
+        scope.launch {
+            if (!policyAtSend.permitsPublication(outboundPolicy.get())) return@launch
+            val cell = _activeCell.value ?: currentCell() ?: return@launch
+            if (content.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8).size > MAX_CONTENT_BYTES) return@launch
+            val identity = NostrIdentityBridge.deriveBridgeIdentity(cell, requireContext())
+            val event = NostrProtocol.createBridgeMeshEvent(
+                content = content,
+                cell = cell,
+                senderIdentity = identity,
+                nickname = nickname,
+                meshSenderId = senderPeerId,
+                meshTimestampMs = timestampMs
+            )
+            if (!policyAtSend.permitsPublication(outboundPolicy.get())) return@launch
+            publishedEventIds.add(event.id)
+            injectedEventIds.add(event.id)
+            if (relayManager?.isConnected?.value == true) {
+                relayManager?.sendEventToGeohash(event, cell)
+            } else {
+                val peer = availableBridgePeer() ?: return@launch
+                NostrCarrierPacket.fromEvent(
+                    NostrCarrierPacket.Direction.TO_BRIDGE,
+                    cell,
+                    event
+                )?.encode()?.let { currentMesh()?.sendNostrCarrier(it, peer.peerId) }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Called only after a public radio packet's Ed25519 signature was accepted. */
+    override fun handleAuthenticatedRadioMessage(messageId: String) {
+        if (panicQuiesced || messageId.isBlank()) return
+        scope.launch {
+            radioMessageIds.add(messageId)
+            pendingDownlinks.removeAll { pending ->
+                classifyMessage(pending.event, pending.cell)?.bridgeRadioMessageIdHint == messageId
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun handleVerifiedAnnouncement(peerId: String, announcement: IdentityAnnouncement) {
+        if (panicQuiesced) return
+        scope.launch {
+            val peer = VerifiedBridgePeer(
+                peerId = peerId,
+                nickname = announcement.nickname,
+                noiseKey = announcement.noisePublicKey.copyOf(),
+                signingKey = announcement.signingPublicKey.copyOf(),
+                isVerifiedNickname =
+                    currentMesh()?.getPeerInfo(peerId)?.isVerifiedNickname == true,
+                capabilities = announcement.capabilities,
+                bridgeCell = announcement.bridgeGeohash?.takeIf(::isValidGeohash),
+                lastSeenMs = clock()
+            )
+            verifiedPeers[peerId] = peer
+            while (verifiedPeers.size > 200) verifiedPeers.remove(verifiedPeers.keys.first())
+            publishVerifiedPeerSnapshot()
+            prekeyCoordinator?.handlePeerVerified(peerId)
+            if (_isEnabled.value) {
+                refreshRendezvous()
+            }
+            broadcastPrekeys()
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun handlePrekeyPacket(packet: BitchatPacket) {
+        if (panicQuiesced) return
+        scope.launch { prekeyCoordinator?.handlePacket(packet) }
+    }
+
+    override fun handleCarrier(payload: ByteArray, fromPeerId: String, directedToUs: Boolean) {
+        if (panicQuiesced) return
+        scope.launch {
+            val carrier = NostrCarrierPacket.decode(payload) ?: return@launch
+            when (carrier.direction) {
+                NostrCarrierPacket.Direction.TO_BRIDGE -> {
+                    if (directedToUs) handleUplink(carrier, fromPeerId)
+                }
+                NostrCarrierPacket.Direction.FROM_BRIDGE -> {
+                    if (!directedToUs) handleDownlink(carrier)
+                }
+                NostrCarrierPacket.Direction.TO_GATEWAY,
+                NostrCarrierPacket.Direction.FROM_GATEWAY -> Unit
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressLint("ApplySharedPref", "UseKtx")
+    suspend fun wipe() {
+        // Revoke policy synchronously so no already-queued bridge work can be
+        // authorized by the pre-panic setting.
+        outboundPolicy.set(BridgeOutboundPolicy.Denied)
+        panicQuiesced = true
+        suppressPrekeyBroadcasts = true
+        _isEnabled.value = false
+        _nearbyOnly.value = false
+        PeerCapabilities.setBridgeEnabled(false)
+        kotlinx.coroutines.withContext(dispatcher) {
+            prefs?.edit()?.putBoolean(KEY_ENABLED, false)?.commit()
+            stopPresenceLoop()
+            downlinkJob?.cancel()
+            downlinkJob = null
+            closeSubscriptions()
+            queuedUplinks.clear()
+            pendingDownlinks.clear()
+            localLocationCell = null
+            _activeCell.value = null
+            verifiedPeers.clear()
+            publishVerifiedPeerSnapshot()
+            participants.clear()
+            publishedEventIds.clear()
+            receivedEventIds.clear()
+            meshBroadcastEventIds.clear()
+            rebroadcastEventIds.clear()
+            injectedEventIds.clear()
+            radioMessageIds.clear()
+            uplinkTimes.clear()
+            inboundTimes.clear()
+            inboundTimesBySigner.clear()
+            downlinkTimes.clear()
+            signatureAttemptTimes.clear()
+            prekeyCoordinator?.wipe()
+            publishParticipants()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun publishVerifiedPeerSnapshot() {
+        verifiedPeerSnapshot.set(
+            verifiedPeers.values.map { peer ->
+                peer.copy(
+                    noiseKey = peer.noiseKey.copyOf(),
+                    signingKey = peer.signingKey.copyOf()
+                )
+            }
+        )
+    }
+
+    private suspend fun refreshRendezvous(forceSubscriptions: Boolean = false) {
+        if (!_isEnabled.value) return
+        val cell = currentCell()
+        val changed = cell != _activeCell.value
+        if (changed) {
+            _activeCell.value = cell
+            currentMesh()?.sendBroadcastAnnounce()
+        }
+        if (cell == null) return
+        val cells = linkedSetOf(cell).apply { addAll(Geohash.neighborsSamePrecision(cell)) }
+        if (changed || forceSubscriptions || cells != subscribedCells) {
+            val targets = linkedSetOf<String>()
+            cells.forEach { subscribedCell ->
+                relayManager?.ensureGeohashRelaysConnected(subscribedCell)
+                targets += relayManager?.getRelaysForGeohash(subscribedCell).orEmpty()
+            }
+            relayManager?.let { manager ->
+                rendezvousSubscription.replace(
+                    close = manager::unsubscribe,
+                    open = { subscriptionId ->
+                        manager.subscribe(
+                            filter = NostrFilter.bridgeRendezvous(
+                                cells,
+                                since = clock() - MAX_EVENT_AGE_MS
+                            ),
+                            id = subscriptionId,
+                            handler = { event -> scope.launch { handleRendezvousEvent(event) } },
+                            targetRelayUrls = targets.toList()
+                        )
+                    }
+                )
+                subscribedCells = cells
+            }
+            publishPresence()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun currentCell(): String? {
+        localLocationCell?.takeIf(::isValidGeohash)?.let { return it.take(CELL_PRECISION) }
+        return availableBridgePeer()?.bridgeCell?.take(CELL_PRECISION)
+    }
+
+    private fun availableBridgePeer(): VerifiedBridgePeer? =
+        verifiedPeers.values.firstOrNull { peer ->
+            peer.capabilities?.contains(PeerCapabilities.BRIDGE) == true &&
+                peer.bridgeCell != null &&
+                currentMesh()?.getPeerInfo(peer.peerId)?.isConnected == true
+        }
+
+    private fun handleRendezvousEvent(event: NostrEvent) {
+        if (!_isEnabled.value) return
+        val cell = event.tagValue("r") ?: return
+        if (cell !in subscribedCells || publishedEventIds.contains(event.id)) return
+        if (isOwnEvent(event, cell)) {
+            publishedEventIds.add(event.id)
+            return
+        }
+        if (!allowSignatureAttempt() || !event.isValidSignature()) return
+        if (!receivedEventIds.add(event.id) || !allowInbound(event.pubkey)) return
+        if (!isFresh(event) || event.tagValue("r") != cell || !isValidGeohash(cell)) return
+
+        when (event.kind) {
+            NostrKind.GEOHASH_PRESENCE -> recordParticipant(event.pubkey, null)
+            NostrKind.EPHEMERAL_EVENT -> {
+                val message = classifyMessage(event, cell) ?: return
+                val localRadio = message.bridgeRadioMessageIdHint?.let(::radioCopyPresent) == true
+                if (!localRadio && injectBridgeMessage(message)) {
+                    recordParticipant(event.pubkey, event.tagValue("n"))
+                }
+                if (!localRadio &&
+                    !meshBroadcastEventIds.contains(event.id) &&
+                    !rebroadcastEventIds.contains(event.id) &&
+                    pendingDownlinks.none { it.event.id == event.id }
+                ) {
+                    pendingDownlinks += PendingDownlink(cell, event)
+                    while (pendingDownlinks.size > MAX_PENDING_DOWNLINKS) pendingDownlinks.removeAt(0)
+                    scheduleDownlink(jitter = true)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun handleUplink(carrier: NostrCarrierPacket, depositor: String) {
+        if (!_isEnabled.value || !allowUplink(depositor)) return
+        val event = structurallyValidEvent(carrier) ?: return
+        if (meshBroadcastEventIds.contains(event.id) ||
+            publishedEventIds.contains(event.id) ||
+            queuedUplinks.any { it.event.id == event.id }
+        ) {
+            return
+        }
+        if (!allowSignatureAttempt() || !event.isValidSignature()) return
+        if (relayManager?.isConnected?.value == true) {
+            publishCarriedEvent(event, carrier.geohash)
+        } else {
+            if (queuedUplinks.count { it.depositor == depositor } >= MAX_UPLINKS_PER_DEPOSITOR) return
+            queuedUplinks += PendingUplink(depositor, carrier.geohash, event)
+            while (queuedUplinks.size > MAX_QUEUED_UPLINKS) queuedUplinks.removeAt(0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun handleDownlink(carrier: NostrCarrierPacket) {
+        val event = structurallyValidEvent(carrier) ?: return
+        if (publishedEventIds.contains(event.id) || isOwnEvent(event, carrier.geohash)) return
+        if (!allowSignatureAttempt() || !event.isValidSignature()) return
+        val firstMesh = meshBroadcastEventIds.add(event.id)
+        if (!firstMesh || !receivedEventIds.add(event.id) || !allowInbound(event.pubkey)) return
+        val message = classifyMessage(event, carrier.geohash) ?: return
+        if (injectBridgeMessage(message)) recordParticipant(event.pubkey, event.tagValue("n"))
+    }
+
+    private fun structurallyValidEvent(carrier: NostrCarrierPacket): NostrEvent? {
+        if (!isValidGeohash(carrier.geohash) ||
+            carrier.eventJson.size > NostrCarrierPacket.MAX_EVENT_JSON_BYTES
+        ) {
+            return null
+        }
+        val event = carrier.event() ?: return null
+        if (!isFresh(event) || event.tagValue("r") != carrier.geohash) return null
+        return when (event.kind) {
+            NostrKind.GEOHASH_PRESENCE -> event
+            NostrKind.EPHEMERAL_EVENT ->
+                event.takeIf { classifyMessage(it, carrier.geohash) != null }
+            else -> null
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun classifyMessage(event: NostrEvent, cell: String): BitchatMessage? {
+        if (event.kind != NostrKind.EPHEMERAL_EVENT ||
+            !isFresh(event) ||
+            event.tagValue("r") != cell ||
+            !isValidGeohash(cell)
+        ) {
+            return null
+        }
+        val content = event.content
+        if (content.isBlank() || content.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8).size > MAX_CONTENT_BYTES) return null
+        val nickname = event.tagValue("n")?.trim()?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+        val m = event.tags.firstOrNull { it.size >= 4 && it[0] == "m" }
+        val radioHint = if (m != null &&
+            m[2].matches(Regex("^[0-9a-fA-F]{16}$"))
+        ) {
+            m[3].toLongOrNull()?.let { MeshMessageIdentity.stableId(m[2], it, content) }
+        } else {
+            null
+        }
+        return BitchatMessage(
+            id = event.id,
+            sender = "${nickname ?: "anon"}#${event.pubkey.takeLast(4)}",
+            content = content,
+            timestamp = Date(event.createdAt * 1000L),
+            senderPeerID = "bridge:${event.pubkey.take(16)}",
+            isBridged = true,
+            bridgeRadioMessageIdHint = radioHint
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun injectBridgeMessage(message: BitchatMessage): Boolean {
+        if (!injectedEventIds.add(message.id)) return false
+        if (message.bridgeRadioMessageIdHint?.let(::radioCopyPresent) == true) return false
+        AppStateStore.addPublicMessage(message)
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private fun radioCopyPresent(messageId: String): Boolean =
+        radioMessageIds.contains(messageId) || AppStateStore.hasRadioPublicMessage(messageId)
+
+    private fun scheduleDownlink(jitter: Boolean) {
+        if (downlinkJob?.isActive == true || pendingDownlinks.isEmpty()) return
+        val now = clock()
+        downlinkTimes.removeAll { now - it >= 60_000 }
+        val waitMs = if (jitter) {
+            jitter(200, 1_501)
+        } else {
+            (downlinkTimes.minOrNull()?.plus(60_000)?.minus(now) ?: 50).coerceAtLeast(50)
+        }
+        downlinkJob = scope.launch {
+            delay(waitMs)
+            drainDownlinks()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun drainDownlinks() {
+        val now = clock()
+        downlinkTimes.removeAll { now - it >= 60_000 }
+        while (pendingDownlinks.isNotEmpty() && downlinkTimes.size < DOWNLINKS_PER_MINUTE) {
+            val item = pendingDownlinks.removeAt(0)
+            if (!isFresh(item.event) ||
+                meshBroadcastEventIds.contains(item.event.id) ||
+                rebroadcastEventIds.contains(item.event.id)
+            ) {
+                continue
+            }
+            val message = classifyMessage(item.event, item.cell)
+            if (message?.bridgeRadioMessageIdHint?.let(::radioCopyPresent) == true) continue
+            val payload = NostrCarrierPacket.fromEvent(
+                NostrCarrierPacket.Direction.FROM_BRIDGE,
+                item.cell,
+                item.event
+            )?.encode() ?: continue
+            currentMesh()?.sendNostrCarrier(payload)
+            rebroadcastEventIds.add(item.event.id)
+            downlinkTimes += clock()
+        }
+        if (pendingDownlinks.isNotEmpty()) scheduleDownlink(jitter = false)
+    }
+
+    private fun flushQueuedUplinks() {
+        if (!_isEnabled.value || relayManager?.isConnected?.value != true) return
+        val queued = queuedUplinks.toList()
+        queuedUplinks.clear()
+        queued.filterNot { publishedEventIds.contains(it.event.id) }
+            .forEach { publishCarriedEvent(it.event, it.cell) }
+    }
+
+    private fun publishCarriedEvent(event: NostrEvent, cell: String) {
+        publishedEventIds.add(event.id)
+        relayManager?.sendEventToGeohash(event, cell)
+    }
+
+    private fun publishPresence() {
+        if (!_isEnabled.value || relayManager?.isConnected?.value != true) return
+        val cell = _activeCell.value ?: return
+        val identity = NostrIdentityBridge.deriveBridgeIdentity(cell, requireContext())
+        val event = NostrProtocol.createBridgePresenceEvent(cell, identity)
+        publishedEventIds.add(event.id)
+        relayManager?.sendEventToGeohash(event, cell)
+    }
+
+    private fun startPresenceLoop() {
+        if (presenceJob?.isActive == true) return
+        presenceJob = scope.launch {
+            while (true) {
+                delay(PRESENCE_INTERVAL_MS)
+                pruneParticipants()
+                if (_isEnabled.value) {
+                    LocationChannelManager.getInstance(requireContext())
+                        .refreshChannels(
+                            forceFresh = true,
+                            updatePlaceNames = false
+                        )
+                    refreshRendezvous()
+                    publishPresence()
+                    broadcastPrekeys()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun stopPresenceLoop() {
+        presenceJob?.cancel()
+        presenceJob = null
+    }
+
+    fun refreshPrekeys() {
+        scope.launch { broadcastPrekeys(force = true) }
+    }
+
+    private fun broadcastPrekeys(force: Boolean = false) {
+        if (suppressPrekeyBroadcasts) return
+        prekeyCoordinator?.broadcast(force)
+    }
+
+    private fun recordParticipant(pubkey: String, nickname: String?) {
+        val now = clock()
+        participants.entries.removeAll { now - it.value.lastSeenMs > PARTICIPANT_FRESH_MS }
+        if (pubkey !in participants && participants.size >= MAX_PARTICIPANTS) {
+            participants.minByOrNull { it.value.lastSeenMs }?.key?.let(participants::remove)
+        }
+        val previous = participants[pubkey]
+        participants[pubkey] = BridgedParticipant(
+            pubkey,
+            nickname?.trim()?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() } ?: previous?.nickname,
+            now
+        )
+        publishParticipants()
+    }
+
+    private fun pruneParticipants() {
+        val now = clock()
+        participants.entries.removeAll { now - it.value.lastSeenMs > PARTICIPANT_FRESH_MS }
+        publishParticipants()
+    }
+
+    private fun publishParticipants() {
+        _bridgedParticipants.value = participants.values.sortedByDescending { it.lastSeenMs }
+    }
+
+    private fun allowUplink(depositor: String): Boolean {
+        val now = clock()
+        val times = uplinkTimes.getOrPut(depositor) { mutableListOf() }
+        times.removeAll { now - it >= 60_000 }
+        if (times.size >= UPLINKS_PER_MINUTE_PER_DEPOSITOR) return false
+        times += now
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private fun allowInbound(signer: String): Boolean {
+        val now = clock()
+        inboundTimes.removeAll { now - it >= 60_000 }
+        if (inboundTimes.size >= INBOUND_PER_MINUTE) return false
+        val signerTimes = inboundTimesBySigner.getOrPut(signer) { mutableListOf() }
+        signerTimes.removeAll { now - it >= 60_000 }
+        if (signerTimes.size >= INBOUND_PER_SIGNER_PER_MINUTE) return false
+        inboundTimes += now
+        signerTimes += now
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private fun allowSignatureAttempt(): Boolean {
+        val now = clock()
+        signatureAttemptTimes.removeAll { now - it >= 60_000 }
+        if (signatureAttemptTimes.size >= SIGNATURE_ATTEMPTS_PER_MINUTE) return false
+        signatureAttemptTimes += now
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private fun closeSubscriptions() {
+        relayManager?.let { manager ->
+            rendezvousSubscription.close(manager::unsubscribe)
+        }
+        subscribedCells = emptySet()
+    }
+
+    private fun isOwnEvent(event: NostrEvent, cell: String): Boolean =
+        runCatching {
+            NostrIdentityBridge.deriveBridgeIdentity(cell, requireContext())
+                .publicKeyHex.equals(event.pubkey, ignoreCase = true)
+        }.getOrDefault(false)
+
+    private fun isFresh(event: NostrEvent): Boolean =
+        abs(clock() - event.createdAt * 1000L) <= MAX_EVENT_AGE_MS
+
+    private fun isValidGeohash(value: String): Boolean =
+        value.length in 1..12 &&
+            value.matches(Regex("^[0123456789bcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz]+$", RegexOption.IGNORE_CASE))
+
+    private fun NostrEvent.tagValue(name: String): String? =
+        tags.firstOrNull { it.size >= 2 && it[0] == name }?.get(1)
+
+    private fun currentMesh(): MeshService? = meshProvider()
+
+    private fun requireContext(): Context =
+        checkNotNull(appContext) { "MeshBridgeService.initialize must be called first" }
+
+    private fun loadEnabledWithMigration(
+        preferences: android.content.SharedPreferences
+    ): Boolean {
+        if (preferences.contains(KEY_ENABLED)) return preferences.getBoolean(KEY_ENABLED, false)
+        val legacyKeys = listOf("gateway_user_enabled", "gateway_enabled", "gateway.userEnabled")
+        val migrated = legacyKeys.any { preferences.getBoolean(it, false) }
+        preferences.edit {
+            putBoolean(KEY_ENABLED, migrated)
+            legacyKeys.forEach(::remove)
+        }
+        return migrated
+    }
+
+    private fun ByteArray.toHex(): String = joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }
+
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyCoordinator.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyCoordinator.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..38eaf147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyCoordinator.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services.bridge
+
+import com.bitchat.android.mesh.MeshService
+import com.bitchat.android.model.PrekeyBundle
+import com.bitchat.android.protocol.BitchatPacket
+import com.bitchat.android.services.ContactIdentityResolver
+
+/**
+ * Coordinates authenticated prekey packets without owning cryptographic
+ * persistence. [PrekeyManager] remains the repository/crypto boundary.
+ */
+internal class PrekeyCoordinator(
+    private val manager: PrekeyManager,
+    private val meshProvider: () -> MeshService?,
+    private val peersProvider: () -> List<VerifiedBridgePeer>,
+    private val clock: () -> Long = System::currentTimeMillis
+) {
+    private val pendingPackets = linkedMapOf<String, BitchatPacket>()
+    private var lastBroadcastMs = 0L
+
+    fun handlePacket(packet: BitchatPacket) {
+        val bundle = PrekeyBundle.decode(packet.payload) ?: return
+        val owner = ContactIdentityResolver.peerIdForNoiseKey(bundle.noiseStaticPublicKey)
+        if (owner != packet.senderID.toHex()) return
+        val peer = peersProvider().firstOrNull { it.peerId == owner }
+        if (peer == null || !peer.noiseKey.contentEquals(bundle.noiseStaticPublicKey)) {
+            if (pendingPackets.size < MAX_PENDING_PACKETS || owner in pendingPackets) {
+                pendingPackets[owner] = packet
+            }
+            return
+        }
+        ingestVerified(packet, bundle, peer)
+    }
+
+    fun handlePeerVerified(peerId: String) {
+        pendingPackets.remove(peerId)?.let(::handlePacket)
+    }
+
+    fun broadcast(force: Boolean = false) {
+        val now = clock()
+        if (!force && now - lastBroadcastMs < REBROADCAST_INTERVAL_MS) return
+        val bundle = manager.currentSignedBundle(now) ?: return
+        val encoded = bundle.encode() ?: return
+        lastBroadcastMs = now
+        meshProvider()?.sendPrekeyBundle(encoded)
+    }
+
+    fun wipe() {
+        pendingPackets.clear()
+        lastBroadcastMs = 0L
+        manager.wipe()
+    }
+
+    private fun ingestVerified(
+        packet: BitchatPacket,
+        bundle: PrekeyBundle,
+        peer: VerifiedBridgePeer
+    ) {
+        if (!BridgePacketSignatureVerifier.verify(packet, peer.signingKey)) return
+        if (manager.verifyAndIngest(bundle, peer.noiseKey, peer.signingKey, clock())) {
+            com.bitchat.android.service.MeshServiceHolder.sharedGossipSyncManager?.onPublicPacketSeen(packet)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun ByteArray.toHex(): String = joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val MAX_PENDING_PACKETS = 64
+        const val REBROADCAST_INTERVAL_MS = 60L * 60 * 1000
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyManager.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyManager.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39c5ef97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyManager.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services.bridge
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.util.Base64
+import com.bitchat.android.identity.SecureIdentityStateManager
+import com.bitchat.android.model.PrekeyBundle
+import com.bitchat.android.noise.CourierNoiseCrypto
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.Ed25519PrivateKeyParameters
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.Ed25519PublicKeyParameters
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.signers.Ed25519Signer
+import java.security.SecureRandom
+
+/**
+ * Owns local one-time prekeys and verified peer bundles for courier v2.
+ *
+ * Local private keys use EncryptedSharedPreferences through
+ * [SecureIdentityStateManager]. Peer bundles contain public material only,
+ * but their consumption assignments are persisted so retries of one message
+ * never spend additional prekeys.
+ */
+class PrekeyManager internal constructor(
+    private val identity: PrekeyIdentity,
+    private val localStore: LocalPrekeyStore,
+    private val peerStore: PeerPrekeyStore,
+    private val randomBytes: () -> ByteArray
+) {
+    data class Sealed(
+        val ciphertext: ByteArray,
+        val prekeyId: Long?
+    )
+
+    data class Opened(
+        val payload: ByteArray,
+        val senderStaticKey: ByteArray,
+        val consumedPrekey: Boolean
+    )
+
+    private val lock = Any()
+    private var local: LocalPrekeyState? = null
+    private var peerBundles: MutableMap<String, StoredPeerPrekeyBundle>? = null
+
+    fun currentSignedBundle(nowMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis()): PrekeyBundle? = synchronized(lock) {
+        val staticKey = identity.staticKey()?.second ?: return@synchronized null
+        val signingPrivateKey = identity.signingKey()?.first ?: return@synchronized null
+        val state = loadLocalLocked()
+        replenishLocked(state, nowMs)
+        val prekeys = state.records
+            .asSequence()
+            .filter { it.consumedAt == null }
+            .sortedBy { it.id }
+            .mapNotNull { record ->
+                decode(record.privateKey)?.let { privateKey ->
+                    PrekeyBundle.Prekey(record.id, CourierNoiseCrypto.publicKey(privateKey))
+                }
+            }
+            .toList()
+        if (prekeys.isEmpty()) return@synchronized null
+
+        val unsigned = PrekeyBundle(
+            noiseStaticPublicKey = staticKey,
+            prekeys = prekeys,
+            generatedAt = state.generatedAt,
+            signature = ByteArray(PrekeyBundle.SIGNATURE_LENGTH)
+        )
+        val signature = signEd25519(unsigned.signableBytes(), signingPrivateKey) ?: return@synchronized null
+        unsigned.copy(signature = signature)
+    }
+
+    fun verifyAndIngest(
+        bundle: PrekeyBundle,
+        expectedNoiseKey: ByteArray,
+        announceBoundSigningKey: ByteArray,
+        nowMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis()
+    ): Boolean {
+        if (!bundle.noiseStaticPublicKey.contentEquals(expectedNoiseKey) ||
+            announceBoundSigningKey.size != PrekeyBundle.KEY_LENGTH ||
+            !verifyEd25519(bundle.signature, bundle.signableBytes(), announceBoundSigningKey)
+        ) {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        synchronized(lock) {
+            val bundles = loadPeerBundlesLocked()
+            val key = encode(bundle.noiseStaticPublicKey)
+            val existing = bundles[key]
+            if (existing != null && existing.generatedAt >= bundle.generatedAt) return false
+
+            val freshIds = bundle.prekeys.map { it.id }.toSet()
+            bundles[key] = StoredPeerPrekeyBundle(
+                noiseKey = key,
+                generatedAt = bundle.generatedAt,
+                prekeyIds = bundle.prekeys.map { it.id },
+                prekeyPublicKeys = bundle.prekeys.map { encode(it.publicKey) },
+                usedIds = existing?.usedIds?.filterTo(mutableSetOf()) { it in freshIds } ?: mutableSetOf(),
+                assignments = existing?.assignments
+                    ?.filterValues { it in freshIds }
+                    ?.toMutableMap() ?: mutableMapOf(),
+                updatedAt = nowMs
+            )
+            while (bundles.size > MAX_PEERS) {
+                bundles.minByOrNull { it.value.updatedAt }?.key?.let(bundles::remove)
+            }
+            persistPeerBundlesLocked(bundles)
+            return true
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun seal(
+        payload: ByteArray,
+        messageId: String,
+        recipientNoiseKey: ByteArray,
+        recipientAdvertisesPrekeys: Boolean,
+        nowMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis()
+    ): Sealed {
+        val senderPrivateKey = identity.staticKey()?.first
+            ?: throw IllegalStateException("Noise static identity is unavailable")
+        val assigned = if (recipientAdvertisesPrekeys) {
+            assignPrekey(messageId, recipientNoiseKey, nowMs)
+        } else {
+            null
+        }
+        return if (assigned != null) {
+            Sealed(
+                CourierNoiseCrypto.sealToPrekey(payload, senderPrivateKey, assigned),
+                assigned.id
+            )
+        } else {
+            Sealed(
+                CourierNoiseCrypto.seal(payload, senderPrivateKey, recipientNoiseKey),
+                null
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun open(
+        ciphertext: ByteArray,
+        prekeyId: Long?,
+        nowMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis()
+    ): Opened {
+        if (prekeyId == null) {
+            val staticPrivateKey = identity.staticKey()?.first
+                ?: throw IllegalStateException("Noise static identity is unavailable")
+            val opened = CourierNoiseCrypto.open(ciphertext, staticPrivateKey)
+            return Opened(opened.payload, opened.senderStaticKey, false)
+        }
+
+        synchronized(lock) {
+            val state = loadLocalLocked()
+            pruneLocked(state, nowMs)
+            val record = state.records.firstOrNull { it.id == prekeyId }
+                ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Unknown or expired courier prekey")
+            val consumedAt = record.consumedAt
+            if (consumedAt != null && nowMs - consumedAt > CONSUMED_GRACE_MS) {
+                throw IllegalArgumentException("Courier prekey grace window expired")
+            }
+            val privateKey = decode(record.privateKey)
+                ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid courier prekey")
+            val opened = CourierNoiseCrypto.openWithPrekey(ciphertext, privateKey, prekeyId)
+            val newlyConsumed = record.consumedAt == null
+            if (newlyConsumed) {
+                record.consumedAt = nowMs
+                advanceGeneratedAtLocked(state, nowMs)
+                replenishLocked(state, nowMs)
+                persistLocalLocked(state)
+            }
+            return Opened(opened.payload, opened.senderStaticKey, newlyConsumed)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun hasUsableBundle(
+        recipientNoiseKey: ByteArray,
+        nowMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis()
+    ): Boolean = synchronized(lock) {
+        val bundle = loadPeerBundlesLocked()[encode(recipientNoiseKey)] ?: return@synchronized false
+        isFresh(bundle, nowMs) && bundle.prekeyIds.any { it !in bundle.usedIds }
+    }
+
+    fun wipe() = synchronized(lock) {
+        local = LocalPrekeyState()
+        peerBundles = mutableMapOf()
+        localStore.clear()
+        peerStore.clear()
+    }
+
+    private fun assignPrekey(
+        messageId: String,
+        recipientNoiseKey: ByteArray,
+        nowMs: Long
+    ): PrekeyBundle.Prekey? = synchronized(lock) {
+        val bundles = loadPeerBundlesLocked()
+        val key = encode(recipientNoiseKey)
+        val bundle = bundles[key] ?: return@synchronized null
+        if (!isFresh(bundle, nowMs)) return@synchronized null
+
+        bundle.assignments[messageId]?.let { assigned ->
+            val index = bundle.prekeyIds.indexOf(assigned)
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                return@synchronized decode(bundle.prekeyPublicKeys[index])
+                    ?.let { PrekeyBundle.Prekey(assigned, it) }
+            }
+        }
+
+        val index = bundle.prekeyIds.indices
+            .filter { bundle.prekeyIds[it] !in bundle.usedIds }
+            .minByOrNull { bundle.prekeyIds[it] }
+            ?: return@synchronized null
+        val id = bundle.prekeyIds[index]
+        val publicKey = decode(bundle.prekeyPublicKeys[index]) ?: return@synchronized null
+        bundle.usedIds += id
+        bundle.assignments[messageId] = id
+        bundle.updatedAt = nowMs
+        persistPeerBundlesLocked(bundles)
+        PrekeyBundle.Prekey(id, publicKey)
+    }
+
+    private fun replenishLocked(state: LocalPrekeyState, nowMs: Long): Boolean {
+        val beforeRecords = state.records.size
+        val beforeUnconsumed = state.records.count { it.consumedAt == null }
+        pruneLocked(state, nowMs)
+        val unconsumed = state.records.count { it.consumedAt == null }
+        var changed = unconsumed != beforeUnconsumed
+        if (unconsumed < REPLENISH_THRESHOLD) {
+            repeat(PrekeyBundle.MAX_PREKEYS - unconsumed) {
+                val privateKey = randomBytes()
+                require(privateKey.size == PrekeyBundle.KEY_LENGTH)
+                state.records += LocalPrekeyRecord(
+                    id = state.nextId and 0xFFFF_FFFFL,
+                    privateKey = encode(privateKey),
+                    createdAt = nowMs
+                )
+                state.nextId = (state.nextId + 1) and 0xFFFF_FFFFL
+            }
+            advanceGeneratedAtLocked(state, nowMs)
+            changed = true
+        }
+        if (changed || state.records.size != beforeRecords) persistLocalLocked(state)
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun pruneLocked(state: LocalPrekeyState, nowMs: Long) {
+        state.records.removeAll { record ->
+            record.consumedAt?.let { nowMs - it > CONSUMED_GRACE_MS }
+                ?: (nowMs - record.createdAt > UNCONSUMED_RETENTION_MS)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun advanceGeneratedAtLocked(state: LocalPrekeyState, nowMs: Long) {
+        state.generatedAt = maxOf(nowMs.coerceAtLeast(0), state.generatedAt + 1)
+    }
+
+    private fun loadLocalLocked(): LocalPrekeyState {
+        local?.let { return it }
+        val loaded = localStore.load()
+        local = loaded
+        return loaded
+    }
+
+    private fun persistLocalLocked(state: LocalPrekeyState) {
+        try { localStore.save(state) } catch (error: Exception) {
+            local = null
+            throw error
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun loadPeerBundlesLocked(): MutableMap<String, StoredPeerPrekeyBundle> {
+        peerBundles?.let { return it }
+        return peerStore.load().also { peerBundles = it }
+    }
+
+    private fun persistPeerBundlesLocked(bundles: Map<String, StoredPeerPrekeyBundle>) {
+        try { peerStore.save(bundles) } catch (error: Exception) {
+            peerBundles = null
+            throw error
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun isFresh(bundle: StoredPeerPrekeyBundle, nowMs: Long): Boolean =
+        nowMs - bundle.generatedAt <= MAX_BUNDLE_AGE_MS
+
+    private fun signEd25519(data: ByteArray, privateKey: ByteArray): ByteArray? = runCatching {
+        Ed25519Signer().apply {
+            init(true, Ed25519PrivateKeyParameters(privateKey, 0))
+            update(data, 0, data.size)
+        }.generateSignature()
+    }.getOrNull()
+
+    private fun verifyEd25519(signature: ByteArray, data: ByteArray, publicKey: ByteArray): Boolean =
+        runCatching {
+            Ed25519Signer().apply {
+                init(false, Ed25519PublicKeyParameters(publicKey, 0))
+                update(data, 0, data.size)
+            }.verifySignature(signature)
+        }.getOrDefault(false)
+
+    private fun encode(data: ByteArray): String =
+        Base64.encodeToString(data, Base64.NO_WRAP)
+
+    private fun decode(value: String): ByteArray? =
+        runCatching { Base64.decode(value, Base64.NO_WRAP) }.getOrNull()
+
+    companion object {
+        private const val PEER_PREFS = "bitchat_prekey_bundles"
+        private const val REPLENISH_THRESHOLD = 3
+        private const val CONSUMED_GRACE_MS = 48L * 60 * 60 * 1000
+        private const val UNCONSUMED_RETENTION_MS = 30L * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+        private const val MAX_BUNDLE_AGE_MS = 7L * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+        private const val MAX_PEERS = 200
+
+        @Volatile
+        private var instance: PrekeyManager? = null
+
+        fun getInstance(context: Context): PrekeyManager =
+            instance ?: synchronized(this) {
+                instance ?: run {
+                    val application = context.applicationContext
+                    val identityState = SecureIdentityStateManager(application)
+                    val random = SecureRandom()
+                    PrekeyManager(
+                        identity = AndroidPrekeyIdentity(identityState),
+                        localStore = SecureLocalPrekeyStore(identityState),
+                        peerStore = SharedPreferencesPeerPrekeyStore(
+                            application.getSharedPreferences(PEER_PREFS, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
+                        ),
+                        randomBytes = {
+                            ByteArray(PrekeyBundle.KEY_LENGTH).also(random::nextBytes)
+                        }
+                    ).also { instance = it }
+                }
+            }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyStores.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyStores.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d62e0e29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyStores.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services.bridge
+
+import android.content.SharedPreferences
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.core.content.edit
+import com.bitchat.android.identity.SecureIdentityStateManager
+import com.google.gson.Gson
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken
+
+internal data class LocalPrekeyRecord(
+    val id: Long,
+    val privateKey: String,
+    val createdAt: Long,
+    var consumedAt: Long? = null
+)
+
+internal data class LocalPrekeyState(
+    var records: MutableList<LocalPrekeyRecord> = mutableListOf(),
+    var nextId: Long = 0,
+    var generatedAt: Long = 0
+)
+
+internal data class StoredPeerPrekeyBundle(
+    val noiseKey: String,
+    var generatedAt: Long,
+    var prekeyIds: List<Long>,
+    var prekeyPublicKeys: List<String>,
+    var usedIds: MutableSet<Long>,
+    var assignments: MutableMap<String, Long>,
+    var updatedAt: Long
+)
+
+internal interface PrekeyIdentity {
+    fun staticKey(): Pair<ByteArray, ByteArray>?
+    fun signingKey(): Pair<ByteArray, ByteArray>?
+}
+
+internal interface LocalPrekeyStore {
+    fun load(): LocalPrekeyState
+    fun save(state: LocalPrekeyState)
+    fun clear()
+}
+
+internal interface PeerPrekeyStore {
+    fun load(): MutableMap<String, StoredPeerPrekeyBundle>
+    fun save(bundles: Map<String, StoredPeerPrekeyBundle>)
+    fun clear()
+}
+
+internal class AndroidPrekeyIdentity(
+    private val state: SecureIdentityStateManager
+) : PrekeyIdentity {
+    override fun staticKey(): Pair<ByteArray, ByteArray>? = state.loadStaticKey()
+    override fun signingKey(): Pair<ByteArray, ByteArray>? = state.loadSigningKey()
+}
+
+internal class SecureLocalPrekeyStore(
+    private val state: SecureIdentityStateManager,
+    private val gson: Gson = Gson()
+) : LocalPrekeyStore {
+    override fun load(): LocalPrekeyState =
+        runCatching {
+            state.getSecureValue(LOCAL_STORE_KEY)
+                ?.let { gson.fromJson(it, LocalPrekeyState::class.java) }
+        }.getOrNull() ?: LocalPrekeyState()
+
+    override fun save(state: LocalPrekeyState) {
+        check(this.state.storeSecureValueSynchronously(LOCAL_STORE_KEY, gson.toJson(state))) {
+            "Unable to persist courier prekeys"
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun clear() {
+        check(state.clearSecureValuesSynchronously(LOCAL_STORE_KEY))
+    }
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val TAG = "LocalPrekeyStore"
+        const val LOCAL_STORE_KEY = "courier_prekeys_v1"
+    }
+}
+
+internal class SharedPreferencesPeerPrekeyStore(
+    private val preferences: SharedPreferences,
+    private val gson: Gson = Gson()
+) : PeerPrekeyStore {
+    override fun load(): MutableMap<String, StoredPeerPrekeyBundle> {
+        val type = object : TypeToken<List<StoredPeerPrekeyBundle>>() {}.type
+        val values: List<StoredPeerPrekeyBundle> = runCatching {
+            preferences.getString(PEER_BUNDLES_KEY, null)
+                ?.let { json -> gson.fromJson<List<StoredPeerPrekeyBundle>>(json, type) }
+        }.getOrNull() ?: emptyList()
+        return values
+            .filter { it.prekeyIds.size == it.prekeyPublicKeys.size }
+            .associateByTo(mutableMapOf()) { it.noiseKey }
+    }
+
+    override fun save(bundles: Map<String, StoredPeerPrekeyBundle>) {
+        check(preferences.edit().putString(PEER_BUNDLES_KEY, gson.toJson(bundles.values.toList())).commit())
+    }
+
+    override fun clear() {
+        check(preferences.edit().clear().commit())
+    }
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val PEER_BUNDLES_KEY = "bundles_v1"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/sync/GossipSyncManager.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/sync/GossipSyncManager.kt
index 9963cc45..c10af63a 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/sync/GossipSyncManager.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/sync/GossipSyncManager.kt
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class GossipSyncManager(
         // Only ANNOUNCE or broadcast MESSAGE
         val mt = MessageType.fromValue(packet.type)
         val isBroadcastMessage = (mt == MessageType.MESSAGE && (packet.recipientID == null || packet.recipientID.contentEquals(SpecialRecipients.BROADCAST)))
-        val isGroupMessage = mt == MessageType.GROUP_MESSAGE &&
+        val isGroupMessage = mt in setOf(MessageType.GROUP_MESSAGE, MessageType.PREKEY_BUNDLE) &&
             (packet.recipientID == null || packet.recipientID.contentEquals(SpecialRecipients.BROADCAST))
         val isBroadcastFile = mt == MessageType.FILE_TRANSFER &&
             (packet.recipientID == null || packet.recipientID.contentEquals(SpecialRecipients.BROADCAST))
@@ -149,7 +149,8 @@ class GossipSyncManager(
             val age = System.currentTimeMillis() - packet.timestamp.toLong()
             if (age !in -PUBLIC_PACKET_FUTURE_SKEW_MS..PUBLIC_MESSAGE_MAX_AGE_MS) return
             synchronized(groupMessages) {
-                groupMessages[id] = packet
+                val cacheKey = if (mt == MessageType.PREKEY_BUNDLE) "prekey-${packet.senderID.toHexString()}" else id
+                groupMessages[cacheKey] = packet
                 while (groupMessages.size > 200) {
                     val iterator = groupMessages.entries.iterator()
                     iterator.next(); iterator.remove()
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ class GossipSyncManager(
             SyncTypeFlags.PUBLIC_MESSAGES,
             SyncTypeFlags.FRAGMENT,
             SyncTypeFlags.FILE_TRANSFER,
-            SyncTypeFlags.GROUP_MESSAGE
+            SyncTypeFlags.GROUP_MESSAGE.union(SyncTypeFlags.fromMessageTypes(MessageType.PREKEY_BUNDLE))
         ).forEach { types ->
             val payload = buildGcsPayload(types)
             val packet = BitchatPacket(
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ class GossipSyncManager(
 
     private fun sendRequestSyncToPeer(peerID: String, requestedTypes: SyncTypeFlags? = null) {
         val types = requestedTypes ?: SyncTypeFlags.PUBLIC_MESSAGES.union(SyncTypeFlags.FRAGMENTS_AND_FILES)
-            .union(SyncTypeFlags.GROUP_MESSAGE)
+            .union(SyncTypeFlags.GROUP_MESSAGE).union(SyncTypeFlags.fromMessageTypes(MessageType.PREKEY_BUNDLE))
             .let { if (boardPacketsProvider != null && peerSupportsBoard(peerID)) it.union(SyncTypeFlags.BOARD) else it }
         val payload = buildGcsPayload(types)
 
@@ -286,8 +287,8 @@ class GossipSyncManager(
             }
         }
 
-        if (requestedTypes.contains(MessageType.GROUP_MESSAGE)) {
-            synchronized(groupMessages) { groupMessages.values.toList() }.forEach { packet ->
+        if (requestedTypes.contains(MessageType.GROUP_MESSAGE) || requestedTypes.contains(MessageType.PREKEY_BUNDLE)) {
+            typedSyncCandidates(requestedTypes).forEach { packet ->
                 if ((sinceTimestamp == null || packet.timestamp >= sinceTimestamp) &&
                     !mightContain(PacketIdUtil.computeIdBytes(packet))) {
                     delegate?.sendPacketToPeer(fromPeerID, packet.copy(ttl = com.bitchat.android.util.AppConstants.SYNC_TTL_HOPS))
@@ -314,8 +315,19 @@ class GossipSyncManager(
         }
     }
 
+    private fun typedSyncCandidates(types: SyncTypeFlags): List<BitchatPacket> = synchronized(groupMessages) {
+        val now = System.currentTimeMillis()
+        groupMessages.entries.removeAll { now - it.value.timestamp.toLong() > PUBLIC_MESSAGE_MAX_AGE_MS }
+        groupMessages.values.filter { packet ->
+            MessageType.fromValue(packet.type)?.let(types::contains) == true
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun shouldRespondTo(peerID: String): Boolean {
         val now = System.currentTimeMillis()
+        responseTimesByPeer.entries.removeIf { (_, times) ->
+            synchronized(times) { times.isEmpty() || now - times.last() >= 30_000L }
+        }
         if (responseTimesByPeer.size >= 256 && !responseTimesByPeer.containsKey(peerID)) return false
         val times = responseTimesByPeer.computeIfAbsent(peerID) { ArrayDeque() }
         return synchronized(times) {
@@ -360,9 +372,7 @@ class GossipSyncManager(
         // Collect only the packet types represented by this filter.
         val list = ArrayList<BitchatPacket>()
         if (types.contains(MessageType.BOARD_POST)) list.addAll(boardPacketsProvider?.invoke().orEmpty().take(200))
-        if (types.contains(MessageType.GROUP_MESSAGE)) {
-            synchronized(groupMessages) { list.addAll(groupMessages.values) }
-        }
+        list.addAll(typedSyncCandidates(types))
         if (types.contains(MessageType.ANNOUNCE)) {
             for ((_, pair) in latestAnnouncementByPeer) {
                 list.add(pair.second)
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/sync/SyncTypeFlags.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/sync/SyncTypeFlags.kt
index 8c1be788..179cd69b 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/sync/SyncTypeFlags.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/sync/SyncTypeFlags.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import com.bitchat.android.protocol.MessageType
 @JvmInline
 value class SyncTypeFlags private constructor(val rawValue: ULong) {
     companion object {
-        private const val KNOWN_TYPE_MASK: ULong = 0x5ffu
+        private const val KNOWN_TYPE_MASK: ULong = 0x7ffu
 
         val BOARD = fromMessageTypes(MessageType.BOARD_POST)
         val GROUP_MESSAGE = fromMessageTypes(MessageType.GROUP_MESSAGE)
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ value class SyncTypeFlags private constructor(val rawValue: ULong) {
             MessageType.REQUEST_SYNC -> 6
             MessageType.FILE_TRANSFER -> 7
             MessageType.BOARD_POST -> 8
+            MessageType.PREKEY_BUNDLE -> 9
             MessageType.GROUP_MESSAGE -> 10
+            MessageType.NOSTR_CARRIER,
             MessageType.COURIER_ENVELOPE,
             MessageType.VOICE_FRAME -> null
         }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/AboutSheet.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/AboutSheet.kt
index 54ab0318..f01c071b 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/AboutSheet.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/AboutSheet.kt
@@ -303,11 +303,13 @@ private fun SettingsToggleRow(
 fun AboutSheet(
     isPresented: Boolean,
     onDismiss: () -> Unit,
-    onShowDebug: (() -> Unit)? = null,
-    modifier: Modifier = Modifier
+    bridgeEnabled: Boolean,
+    onBridgeEnabledChange: (Boolean) -> Unit,
+    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+    onShowDebug: (() -> Unit)? = null
 ) {
     val context = LocalContext.current
-    
+
     // Get version name from package info
     val versionName = remember {
         try {
@@ -544,6 +546,19 @@ fun AboutSheet(
                                         }
                                     )
 
+                                    HorizontalDivider(
+                                        modifier = Modifier.padding(start = 56.dp),
+                                        color = colorScheme.outline.copy(alpha = 0.12f)
+                                    )
+
+                                    SettingsToggleRow(
+                                        icon = Icons.Filled.Public,
+                                        title = stringResource(R.string.mesh_bridge_title),
+                                        subtitle = stringResource(R.string.mesh_bridge_description),
+                                        checked = bridgeEnabled,
+                                        onCheckedChange = onBridgeEnabledChange
+                                    )
+
                                     HorizontalDivider(
                                         modifier = Modifier.padding(start = 54.dp),
                                         thickness = 1.dp,
@@ -1303,7 +1318,7 @@ fun PasswordPromptDialog(
 ) {
     if (show && channelName != null) {
         val colorScheme = MaterialTheme.colorScheme
-        
+
         AlertDialog(
             onDismissRequest = onDismiss,
             title = {
@@ -1321,7 +1336,7 @@ fun PasswordPromptDialog(
                         color = colorScheme.onSurface
                     )
                     Spacer(modifier = Modifier.height(8.dp))
-                    
+
                     OutlinedTextField(
                         value = passwordInput,
                         onValueChange = onPasswordChange,
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatHeader.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatHeader.kt
index aac5283c..a57b7e3b 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatHeader.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatHeader.kt
@@ -564,6 +564,7 @@ fun NicknameEditor(
 @Composable
 fun PeerCounter(
     connectedPeers: List<String>,
+    bridgedPeopleCount: Int = 0,
     joinedChannels: Set<String>,
     hasUnreadChannels: Map<String, Int>,
     isConnected: Boolean,
@@ -586,8 +587,8 @@ fun PeerCounter(
         is com.bitchat.android.geohash.ChannelID.Mesh,
         null -> {
             // Mesh channel: show Bluetooth-connected peers (excluding self)
-            val count = connectedPeers.size
-            Pair(count, if (isConnected && count > 0) colorScheme.secondary else palette.textTertiary)
+            val count = connectedPeers.size + bridgedPeopleCount
+            Pair(count, if ((isConnected || bridgedPeopleCount > 0) && count > 0) colorScheme.secondary else palette.textTertiary)
         }
     }
 
@@ -727,6 +728,7 @@ private fun MainHeader(
     val isConnected by viewModel.isConnected.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
     val selectedLocationChannel by viewModel.selectedLocationChannel.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
     val geohashPeople by viewModel.geohashPeople.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
+    val bridgeUiState by viewModel.bridgeUiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
 
     BoxWithConstraints(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()) {
         val crowdingMode = headerCrowdingMode(maxWidth)
@@ -809,6 +811,7 @@ private fun MainHeader(
 
                 PeerCounter(
                     connectedPeers = connectedPeers.filter { it != viewModel.myPeerID },
+                    bridgedPeopleCount = bridgeUiState.participants.size,
                     joinedChannels = joinedChannels,
                     hasUnreadChannels = hasUnreadChannels,
                     isConnected = isConnected,
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatScreen.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatScreen.kt
index f6c21ef8..b7abfaa6 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatScreen.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatScreen.kt
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ fun ChatScreen(viewModel: ChatViewModel) {
     val showVerificationSheet by viewModel.showVerificationSheet.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
     val showSecurityVerificationSheet by viewModel.showSecurityVerificationSheet.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
     val legacyPrivateMediaConsent by viewModel.legacyPrivateMediaConsent.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
+    val bridgeUiState by viewModel.bridgeUiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
 
     var messageText by remember { mutableStateOf(TextFieldValue("")) }
     var showPasswordPrompt by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }
@@ -443,7 +444,12 @@ fun ChatScreen(viewModel: ChatViewModel) {
                 currentChannel = currentChannel,
                 nickname = nickname,
                 colorScheme = colorScheme,
-                showMediaButtons = showMediaButtons
+                showMediaButtons = showMediaButtons,
+                showBridgeControls = bridgeUiState.enabled &&
+                    currentChannel == null &&
+                    selectedLocationChannel !is com.bitchat.android.geohash.ChannelID.Location,
+                nearbyOnly = bridgeUiState.nearbyOnly,
+                onNearbyOnlyChange = viewModel::setBridgeNearbyOnly
             )
           }
         }
@@ -645,7 +651,10 @@ fun ChatInputSection(
     colorScheme: ColorScheme,
     showMediaButtons: Boolean,
     recorderFactory: ((String?, String?) -> com.bitchat.android.features.voice.VoiceRecorder)? = null,
-    modifier: Modifier = Modifier
+    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+    showBridgeControls: Boolean = false,
+    nearbyOnly: Boolean = false,
+    onNearbyOnlyChange: (Boolean) -> Unit = {}
 ) {
     val context = androidx.compose.ui.platform.LocalContext.current
     val activePublicTalker by remember(context) {
@@ -726,6 +735,9 @@ fun ChatInputSection(
             currentChannel = currentChannel,
             nickname = nickname,
             showMediaButtons = showMediaButtons,
+                showBridgeControls = showBridgeControls,
+                nearbyOnly = nearbyOnly,
+                onNearbyOnlyChange = onNearbyOnlyChange,
             mentionPeerIdentities = mentionPeerIdentities,
             recorderFactory = recorderFactory,
             activePublicTalker = activePublicTalker,
@@ -840,6 +852,7 @@ private fun ChatDialogs(
     onMeshPeerListDismiss: () -> Unit,
 ) {
     val privateChatSheetPeer by viewModel.privateChatSheetPeer.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
+    val bridgeUiState by viewModel.bridgeUiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
 
     // Password dialog
     PasswordPromptDialog(
@@ -856,7 +869,9 @@ private fun ChatDialogs(
     AboutSheet(
         isPresented = showAppInfo,
         onDismiss = onAppInfoDismiss,
-        onShowDebug = { showDebugSheet = true }
+        onShowDebug = { showDebugSheet = true },
+        bridgeEnabled = bridgeUiState.enabled,
+        onBridgeEnabledChange = viewModel::setBridgeEnabled
     )
     if (showDebugSheet) {
         com.bitchat.android.ui.debug.DebugSettingsSheet(
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatViewModel.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatViewModel.kt
index e2989b54..16f5e409 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatViewModel.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/ChatViewModel.kt
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ import com.bitchat.android.noise.NoiseSession
 import com.bitchat.android.services.ContactDirectory
 import com.bitchat.android.services.ContactIdentityResolver
 import com.bitchat.android.util.hexEncodedString
+import com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.BridgeUiState
+import com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.MeshBridgeService
 import com.bitchat.android.features.voice.LiveVoicePreferences
 import com.bitchat.android.features.voice.LiveVoiceTarget
 import com.bitchat.android.features.voice.VoiceRecorder
@@ -616,6 +618,21 @@ class ChatViewModel(
     val geohashPeople: StateFlow<List<GeoPerson>> = state.geohashPeople
     val teleportedGeo: StateFlow<Set<String>> = state.teleportedGeo
     val geohashParticipantCounts: StateFlow<Map<String, Int>> = state.geohashParticipantCounts
+    val bridgeUiState: StateFlow<BridgeUiState> = combine(
+        MeshBridgeService.isEnabled,
+        MeshBridgeService.nearbyOnly,
+        MeshBridgeService.bridgedParticipants
+    ) { enabled, nearbyOnly, participants ->
+        BridgeUiState(enabled, nearbyOnly, participants)
+    }.stateIn(
+        scope = viewModelScope,
+        started = SharingStarted.Eagerly,
+        initialValue = BridgeUiState(
+            enabled = MeshBridgeService.isEnabled.value,
+            nearbyOnly = MeshBridgeService.nearbyOnly.value,
+            participants = MeshBridgeService.bridgedParticipants.value
+        )
+    )
     val meshServiceFacade: MeshService
         get() = mesh
     val myPeerID: String
@@ -1566,6 +1583,14 @@ class ChatViewModel(
         state.setShowMeshPeerList(true)
     }
 
+    fun setBridgeEnabled(enabled: Boolean) {
+        MeshBridgeService.setEnabled(enabled)
+    }
+
+    fun setBridgeNearbyOnly(enabled: Boolean) {
+        MeshBridgeService.setNearbyOnly(enabled)
+    }
+
     fun hideMeshPeerList() {
         state.setShowMeshPeerList(false)
     }
@@ -1718,6 +1743,7 @@ class ChatViewModel(
         // A pending one-shot downgrade confirmation must not survive panic or
         // become actionable against the fresh post-wipe identity.
         mediaSendingManager.clearPendingPrivateMediaConsent()
+        MeshBridgeService.wipe()
 
         // Stop all message admission before wiping storage. The AppStateStore gate also rejects
         // any transport callback already in flight until the fresh identity is ready.
@@ -1763,7 +1789,7 @@ class ChatViewModel(
 
             try {
                 val locationManager = com.bitchat.android.geohash.LocationChannelManager.getInstance(getApplication())
-                locationManager.clearPersistedChannel()
+                locationManager.panicReset()
             } catch (_: Exception) { }
 
             geohashViewModel.panicReset()
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/DataManager.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/DataManager.kt
index 8517ec15..166cee76 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/DataManager.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/DataManager.kt
@@ -14,9 +14,21 @@ class DataManager(private val context: Context) {
     
     companion object {
         private const val TAG = "DataManager"
+        private const val PREFS_NAME = "bitchat_prefs"
+        private const val BLOCKED_USERS_KEY = "blocked_users"
+
+        /**
+         * Reads the current persisted block list for ingress paths that have a
+         * full Noise key but no live mesh peer/session.
+         */
+        fun isFingerprintBlocked(context: Context, fingerprint: String): Boolean =
+            context.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
+                .getStringSet(BLOCKED_USERS_KEY, emptySet())
+                ?.contains(fingerprint) == true
     }
-    
-    private val prefs: SharedPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences("bitchat_prefs", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
+
+    private val prefs: SharedPreferences =
+        context.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
     private val gson = Gson()
     
     // Channel-related maps that need to persist state
@@ -200,13 +212,13 @@ class DataManager(private val context: Context) {
     
     @Synchronized
     fun loadBlockedUsers() {
-        val savedBlockedUsers = prefs.getStringSet("blocked_users", emptySet()) ?: emptySet()
+        val savedBlockedUsers = prefs.getStringSet(BLOCKED_USERS_KEY, emptySet()) ?: emptySet()
         _blockedUsers.clear()
         _blockedUsers.addAll(savedBlockedUsers)
     }
     
     fun saveBlockedUsers() {
-        prefs.edit().putStringSet("blocked_users", _blockedUsers).apply()
+        prefs.edit().putStringSet(BLOCKED_USERS_KEY, _blockedUsers).apply()
     }
     
     fun addBlockedUser(fingerprint: String) {
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/InputComponents.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/InputComponents.kt
index 1269fe6b..68b17854 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/InputComponents.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/InputComponents.kt
@@ -320,7 +320,10 @@ fun MessageInput(
     mentionPeerIdentities: Map<String, PeerIdentity> = emptyMap(),
     recorderFactory: ((String?, String?) -> VoiceRecorder)? = null,
     activePublicTalker: String? = null,
-    modifier: Modifier = Modifier
+    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+    showBridgeControls: Boolean = false,
+    nearbyOnly: Boolean = false,
+    onNearbyOnlyChange: (Boolean) -> Unit = {}
 ) {
     val palette = LocalBitchatPalette.current
     val colorScheme = MaterialTheme.colorScheme
@@ -405,6 +408,25 @@ fun MessageInput(
         modifier = modifier.padding(horizontal = 12.dp, vertical = 10.dp),
         verticalAlignment = Alignment.Bottom
     ) {
+        if (showBridgeControls) {
+            IconToggleButton(
+                checked = nearbyOnly,
+                onCheckedChange = onNearbyOnlyChange,
+                modifier = Modifier.size(32.dp)
+            ) {
+                Icon(
+                    imageVector = if (nearbyOnly) Icons.Filled.Bluetooth else Icons.Filled.Public,
+                    contentDescription = if (nearbyOnly) {
+                        stringResource(R.string.cd_nearby_only_on)
+                    } else {
+                        stringResource(R.string.cd_nearby_only_off)
+                    },
+                    tint = if (nearbyOnly) Color(0xFFFF9500) else Color(0xFF00A7C4),
+                    modifier = Modifier.size(18.dp)
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
         // MARK: - The pill. Field and action buttons are one visual object.
         Row(
             modifier = Modifier
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/MeshDelegateHandler.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/MeshDelegateHandler.kt
index c6f7eb49..b52937f6 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/MeshDelegateHandler.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/MeshDelegateHandler.kt
@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ class MeshDelegateHandler(
     
     override fun didReceiveDeliveryAck(messageID: String, recipientPeerID: String) {
         coroutineScope.launch {
+            com.bitchat.android.services.MessageRouter.tryGetInstance()
+                ?.onMessageAcknowledged(messageID, recipientPeerID)
             messageManager.updateMessageDeliveryStatus(messageID, DeliveryStatus.Delivered(recipientPeerID, Date()))
         }
     }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/MeshPeerListSheet.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/MeshPeerListSheet.kt
index ec0ce080..6411f467 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/MeshPeerListSheet.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/ui/MeshPeerListSheet.kt
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ import com.bitchat.android.nostr.GeohashAliasRegistry
 import com.bitchat.android.nostr.GeohashConversationRegistry
 import com.bitchat.android.services.ContactDirectory
 import com.bitchat.android.services.ContactIdentityResolver
+import com.bitchat.android.services.bridge.BridgedParticipant
 import com.bitchat.android.util.hexEncodedString
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ fun MeshPeerListSheet(
     val conversationStoreState by viewModel.conversationStoreState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
     val peerDirect by viewModel.peerDirect.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
     val geohashPeopleCount = geohashPeople.size
+    val bridgeUiState by viewModel.bridgeUiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
     val wifiAwareConnected by com.bitchat.android.wifiaware.WifiAwareController.connectedPeers.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
     val wifiAwarePeerIDs = remember(wifiAwareConnected) { wifiAwareConnected.keys.toSet() }
     val directPeerIdentityIDs = remember(peerDirect) {
@@ -451,6 +453,13 @@ fun MeshPeerListSheet(
                                         onDismiss()
                                     }
                                 )
+
+                                if (bridgeUiState.enabled && bridgeUiState.participants.isNotEmpty()) {
+                                    BridgedPeopleSection(
+                                        participants = bridgeUiState.participants,
+                                        colorScheme = colorScheme
+                                    )
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -687,6 +696,53 @@ private fun GroupSection(
     }
 }
 
+@Composable
+private fun BridgedPeopleSection(
+    participants: List<BridgedParticipant>,
+    colorScheme: ColorScheme
+) {
+    Column(modifier = Modifier.padding(top = 16.dp)) {
+        Text(
+            text = stringResource(R.string.across_bridge).uppercase(),
+            style = MaterialTheme.typography.labelLarge,
+            color = colorScheme.onSurface.copy(alpha = 0.7f),
+            fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
+            modifier = Modifier
+                .fillMaxWidth()
+                .padding(horizontal = 24.dp)
+                .padding(top = 8.dp, bottom = 4.dp)
+        )
+        participants.forEach { participant ->
+            Row(
+                modifier = Modifier
+                    .fillMaxWidth()
+                    .padding(horizontal = 40.dp, vertical = 10.dp),
+                verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically,
+                horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(12.dp)
+            ) {
+                Icon(
+                    imageVector = Icons.Filled.Public,
+                    contentDescription = null,
+                    tint = Color(0xFF00A7C4),
+                    modifier = Modifier.size(18.dp)
+                )
+                Column {
+                    Text(
+                        text = participant.displayName,
+                        style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodyMedium.copy(fontFamily = FontFamily.Monospace),
+                        color = colorScheme.onSurface
+                    )
+                    Text(
+                        text = stringResource(R.string.via_mesh_bridge),
+                        style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall,
+                        color = colorScheme.onSurface.copy(alpha = 0.55f)
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 @Composable
 private fun ChannelRow(
     channel: String,
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/wifi-aware/WifiAwareMeshService.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/wifi-aware/WifiAwareMeshService.kt
index 21cb8fc9..69ff3835 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/wifi-aware/WifiAwareMeshService.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/bitchat/android/wifi-aware/WifiAwareMeshService.kt
@@ -1372,6 +1372,18 @@ class WifiAwareMeshService(private val context: Context) : MeshService, Transpor
         meshCore.sendMessage(content, mentions, channel)
     }
 
+    override fun sendNostrCarrier(payload: ByteArray, recipientPeerID: String?) {
+        meshCore.sendNostrCarrier(payload, recipientPeerID)
+    }
+
+    override fun sendCourierEnvelope(payload: ByteArray, recipientPeerID: String) {
+        meshCore.sendCourierEnvelope(payload, recipientPeerID)
+    }
+
+    override fun sendPrekeyBundle(payload: ByteArray) {
+        meshCore.sendPrekeyBundle(payload)
+    }
+
     /**
      * Sends a private encrypted message to a specific peer.
      *
diff --git a/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml b/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
index 049c94db..82376531 100644
--- a/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
+++ b/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -611,6 +611,13 @@
   <string name="pan_zoom_instruction">Drag to spin · Pinch to zoom · Tap to focus</string>
   <string name="select">Select</string>
   <string name="type_a_message_placeholder">Type a message…</string>
+  <string name="mesh_bridge_title" tools:ignore="MissingTranslation">mesh bridge</string>
+  <string name="mesh_bridge_description" tools:ignore="MissingTranslation">share public nearby messages through relays and carry encrypted offline messages for others</string>
+  <string name="across_bridge" tools:ignore="MissingTranslation">across the bridge</string>
+  <string name="via_mesh_bridge" tools:ignore="MissingTranslation">via mesh bridge</string>
+  <string name="cd_mesh_bridge_active" tools:ignore="MissingTranslation">Mesh bridge active</string>
+  <string name="cd_nearby_only_on" tools:ignore="MissingTranslation">Nearby only: messages stay within radio range</string>
+  <string name="cd_nearby_only_off" tools:ignore="MissingTranslation">Bridged: messages also reach people across the bridge</string>
   <string name="mention_suggestion_at">@%1$s</string>
   <string name="mention">Mention</string>
   <string name="image_counter">%1$d / %2$d</string>
diff --git a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/model/BridgeProtocolInteropTest.kt b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/model/BridgeProtocolInteropTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5fa39643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/model/BridgeProtocolInteropTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.model
+
+import com.bitchat.android.noise.CourierNoiseCrypto
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.MeshMessageIdentity
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.NostrIdentity
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.NostrKind
+import com.bitchat.android.nostr.NostrProtocol
+import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class BridgeProtocolInteropTest {
+    @Test
+    fun `carrier TLVs match the iOS wire fixture`() {
+        val carrier = NostrCarrierPacket(
+            direction = NostrCarrierPacket.Direction.TO_BRIDGE,
+            geohash = "u4pruy",
+            eventJson = "{}".toByteArray()
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(
+            "010001030200067534707275790300027b7d",
+            carrier.encode().toHex()
+        )
+        assertEquals(carrier, NostrCarrierPacket.decode(carrier.encode()))
+        assertNull(NostrCarrierPacket.decode(carrier.encode().dropLast(1).toByteArray()))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `carrier decoder skips unknown TLVs`() {
+        val encoded = NostrCarrierPacket(
+            NostrCarrierPacket.Direction.FROM_BRIDGE,
+            "u4pruy",
+            "{}".toByteArray()
+        ).encode()
+        val withUnknown = encoded + byteArrayOf(0x7F, 0x00, 0x02, 0x12, 0x34)
+
+        assertEquals(
+            NostrCarrierPacket.Direction.FROM_BRIDGE,
+            NostrCarrierPacket.decode(withUnknown)?.direction
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `courier envelope and daily tag match iOS fixtures`() {
+        val envelope = CourierEnvelope(
+            recipientTag = ByteArray(16) { it.toByte() },
+            expiry = 0x0102_0304_0506_0708uL,
+            ciphertext = byteArrayOf(0xAA.toByte(), 0xBB.toByte()),
+            copies = 3u,
+            prekeyID = 0x89AB_CDEFu
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(
+            "010010000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f" +
+                "0200080102030405060708" +
+                "030002aabb04000103" +
+                "05000489abcdef",
+            envelope.encode()!!.toHex()
+        )
+        assertEquals(envelope, CourierEnvelope.decode(envelope.encode()!!))
+        assertEquals(
+            "f7b87836e588a2b31b306605b3313744",
+            CourierEnvelope.recipientTag(ByteArray(32) { it.toByte() }, 1u).toHex()
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `signed prekey canonical bytes match iOS fixture`() {
+        val bundle = PrekeyBundle(
+            noiseStaticPublicKey = ByteArray(32) { 0x11 },
+            prekeys = listOf(
+                PrekeyBundle.Prekey(0x0102_0304, ByteArray(32) { 0x22 })
+            ),
+            generatedAt = 0x0102_0304_0506_0708L,
+            signature = ByteArray(64) { 0x33 }
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(
+            "18" +
+                "626974636861742d7072656b65792d62756e646c652d7631" +
+                "11".repeat(32) +
+                "01" +
+                "01020304" +
+                "22".repeat(32) +
+                "0102030405060708",
+            bundle.signableBytes().toHex()
+        )
+        assertEquals(bundle, PrekeyBundle.decode(bundle.encode()!!))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `courier Noise X opens static and one-time prekey ciphertexts`() {
+        val senderPrivate = ByteArray(32) { (it + 1).toByte() }
+        val recipientPrivate = ByteArray(32) { (it + 33).toByte() }
+        val payload = "offline hello".toByteArray()
+
+        val staticCiphertext = CourierNoiseCrypto.seal(
+            payload,
+            senderPrivate,
+            CourierNoiseCrypto.publicKey(recipientPrivate)
+        )
+        val staticOpened = CourierNoiseCrypto.open(staticCiphertext, recipientPrivate)
+        assertArrayEquals(payload, staticOpened.payload)
+        assertArrayEquals(CourierNoiseCrypto.publicKey(senderPrivate), staticOpened.senderStaticKey)
+
+        val prekey = PrekeyBundle.Prekey(
+            id = 0x89AB_CDEFL,
+            publicKey = CourierNoiseCrypto.publicKey(recipientPrivate)
+        )
+        val prekeyCiphertext = CourierNoiseCrypto.sealToPrekey(payload, senderPrivate, prekey)
+        val prekeyOpened = CourierNoiseCrypto.openWithPrekey(
+            prekeyCiphertext,
+            recipientPrivate,
+            prekey.id
+        )
+        assertArrayEquals(payload, prekeyOpened.payload)
+        assertArrayEquals(CourierNoiseCrypto.publicKey(senderPrivate), prekeyOpened.senderStaticKey)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `public message stable identity matches cross-language fixture`() {
+        val id = MeshMessageIdentity.stableId(
+            senderIdHex = "0011223344556677",
+            timestampMs = 1_750_000_000_123,
+            content = "hello mesh"
+        )
+
+        assertEquals("b83f94d81dcdd1b0c0048f6645995dd4", id)
+        assertTrue(id.all { it in '0'..'9' || it in 'a'..'f' })
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `bridge Nostr event uses signed rendezvous tags`() {
+        val identity = NostrIdentity.fromPrivateKey("01".padStart(64, '0'))
+        val event = NostrProtocol.createBridgeMeshEvent(
+            content = "hello mesh",
+            cell = "u4pruy",
+            senderIdentity = identity,
+            nickname = "alice",
+            meshSenderId = "0011223344556677",
+            meshTimestampMs = 1_750_000_000_123
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(NostrKind.EPHEMERAL_EVENT, event.kind)
+        assertEquals(listOf("r", "u4pruy"), event.tags[0])
+        assertEquals(listOf("n", "alice"), event.tags[1])
+        assertEquals(
+            listOf(
+                "m",
+                "b83f94d81dcdd1b0c0048f6645995dd4",
+                "0011223344556677",
+                "1750000000123"
+            ),
+            event.tags[2]
+        )
+        assertTrue(event.isValidSignature())
+    }
+
+    private fun ByteArray.toHex(): String = joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/model/IdentityAnnouncementTest.kt b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/model/IdentityAnnouncementTest.kt
index f7d53285..911c4cba 100644
--- a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/model/IdentityAnnouncementTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/model/IdentityAnnouncementTest.kt
@@ -67,6 +67,18 @@ class IdentityAnnouncementTest {
         assertEquals(PeerCapabilities.NONE, decoded.capabilities)
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun `oversized bridge cell is omitted without dropping announcement`() {
+        val encoded = IdentityAnnouncement(
+            nickname,
+            noiseKey,
+            signingKey,
+            bridgeGeohash = "u".repeat(13)
+        ).encode()!!
+
+        assertNull(IdentityAnnouncement.decode(encoded)?.bridgeGeohash)
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun `unknown capability bits and TLVs survive decode and re-encode`() {
         val legacy = IdentityAnnouncement(nickname, noiseKey, signingKey).encode()!!
@@ -92,12 +104,13 @@ class IdentityAnnouncementTest {
         val encoded = IdentityAnnouncement.forLocalPeer(nickname, noiseKey, signingKey).encode()!!
 
         assertArrayEquals(
-            byteArrayOf(0x05, 0x02, 0x38, 0x01),
+            byteArrayOf(0x05, 0x02, 0x39, 0x01),
             encoded.takeLast(4).toByteArray()
         )
         val capabilities = IdentityAnnouncement.decode(encoded)!!.capabilities!!
         assertTrue(capabilities.contains(PeerCapabilities.PRIVATE_MEDIA))
         assertTrue(capabilities.contains(PeerCapabilities.GROUPS))
         assertTrue(capabilities.contains(PeerCapabilities.VOUCH))
+        assertTrue(capabilities.contains(PeerCapabilities.PREKEYS))
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/model/Tlv16CodecTest.kt b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/model/Tlv16CodecTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ca771c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/model/Tlv16CodecTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.model
+
+import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class Tlv16CodecTest {
+    @Test
+    fun `codec preserves ordered fields and unknown types`() {
+        val encoded = requireNotNull(
+            Tlv16Codec.encode(
+                Tlv16Codec.Field(1, byteArrayOf(1, 2)),
+                Tlv16Codec.Field(0x7F, byteArrayOf(3))
+            )
+        )
+
+        val decoded = requireNotNull(Tlv16Codec.decode(encoded))
+        assertEquals(listOf(1, 0x7F), decoded.map { it.type })
+        assertArrayEquals(byteArrayOf(1, 2), decoded[0].value)
+        assertArrayEquals(byteArrayOf(3), decoded[1].value)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `codec rejects truncated framing and oversized values`() {
+        assertNull(Tlv16Codec.decode(byteArrayOf(1, 0)))
+        assertNull(Tlv16Codec.decode(byteArrayOf(1, 0, 2, 1)))
+        assertNull(Tlv16Codec.encode(Tlv16Codec.Field(1, ByteArray(0x1_0000))))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrProtocolTest.kt b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrProtocolTest.kt
index ec3a8679..b25565d9 100644
--- a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrProtocolTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/nostr/NostrProtocolTest.kt
@@ -75,17 +75,38 @@ class NostrProtocolTest {
         assertTrue(event.isValidSignature())
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun rejectsMalformedAuthenticatedEnvelopes() {
+        val sender = NostrIdentity.generate()
+        val recipient = NostrIdentity.generate()
+        val malformed = listOf(
+            forgedGiftWrap("hello", sender, sender, recipient, rumorKind = NostrKind.TEXT_NOTE),
+            forgedGiftWrap("hello", sender, sender, recipient, rumorTags = listOf(listOf("p", sender.publicKeyHex))),
+            forgedGiftWrap("hello", sender, sender, recipient, sealTags = listOf(listOf("p", recipient.publicKeyHex))),
+            forgedGiftWrap("hello", sender, sender, recipient, rumorTimestamp = 1),
+            forgedGiftWrap("hello", sender, sender, recipient, outerTags = emptyList())
+        )
+        malformed.forEach { assertNull(NostrProtocol.decryptPrivateMessage(it, recipient)) }
+        val ios = forgedGiftWrap("hello", sender, sender, recipient, rumorTags = emptyList())
+        assertEquals("hello", NostrProtocol.decryptPrivateMessage(ios, recipient)?.first)
+    }
+
     private fun forgedGiftWrap(
         content: String,
         claimedSender: NostrIdentity,
         sealSigner: NostrIdentity,
-        recipient: NostrIdentity
+        recipient: NostrIdentity,
+        rumorKind: Int = NostrKind.DIRECT_MESSAGE,
+        rumorTags: List<List<String>> = listOf(listOf("p", recipient.publicKeyHex)),
+        sealTags: List<List<String>> = emptyList(),
+        rumorTimestamp: Int = (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000).toInt(),
+        outerTags: List<List<String>> = listOf(listOf("p", recipient.publicKeyHex))
     ): NostrEvent {
         val rumorBase = NostrEvent(
             pubkey = claimedSender.publicKeyHex,
-            createdAt = (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000).toInt(),
-            kind = NostrKind.DIRECT_MESSAGE,
-            tags = listOf(listOf("p", recipient.publicKeyHex)),
+            createdAt = rumorTimestamp,
+            kind = rumorKind,
+            tags = rumorTags,
             content = content
         )
         val rumor = rumorBase.copy(id = rumorBase.computeEventIdHex())
@@ -98,7 +119,7 @@ class NostrProtocolTest {
             pubkey = sealSigner.publicKeyHex,
             createdAt = NostrCrypto.randomizeTimestampUpToPast(),
             kind = NostrKind.SEAL,
-            tags = emptyList(),
+            tags = sealTags,
             content = sealContent
         ).sign(sealSigner.privateKeyHex)
 
@@ -112,7 +133,7 @@ class NostrProtocolTest {
             pubkey = wrapPublicKey,
             createdAt = NostrCrypto.randomizeTimestampUpToPast(),
             kind = NostrKind.GIFT_WRAP,
-            tags = listOf(listOf("p", recipient.publicKeyHex)),
+            tags = outerTags,
             content = giftWrapContent
         ).sign(wrapPrivateKey)
     }
diff --git a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeRaceRegressionTest.kt b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeRaceRegressionTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..338437f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeRaceRegressionTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services.bridge
+
+import com.bitchat.android.mesh.BridgeOutboundPolicy
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class BridgeRaceRegressionTest {
+    @Test
+    fun `later opt in cannot authorize a send that was previously denied`() {
+        val policyAtSend = BridgeOutboundPolicy.capture(enabled = false, nearbyOnly = false)
+        val policyAtPublish = BridgeOutboundPolicy.capture(enabled = true, nearbyOnly = false)
+
+        assertFalse(policyAtSend.permitsPublication(policyAtPublish))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `later opt out still blocks a send that was previously allowed`() {
+        val policyAtSend = BridgeOutboundPolicy.capture(enabled = true, nearbyOnly = false)
+        val policyAtPublish = BridgeOutboundPolicy.capture(enabled = false, nearbyOnly = false)
+
+        assertFalse(policyAtSend.permitsPublication(policyAtPublish))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `publication requires bridge permission at send and publish time`() {
+        val allowed = BridgeOutboundPolicy.capture(enabled = true, nearbyOnly = false)
+        val nearbyOnly = BridgeOutboundPolicy.capture(enabled = true, nearbyOnly = true)
+
+        assertTrue(allowed.permitsPublication(allowed))
+        assertFalse(nearbyOnly.permitsPublication(allowed))
+        assertFalse(allowed.permitsPublication(nearbyOnly))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `delayed close targets the retired subscription generation`() {
+        val slot = RelaySubscriptionSlot("bridge")
+        val activeOnRelay = mutableSetOf<String>()
+        val delayedCloses = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+        val first = slot.replace(
+            close = delayedCloses::add,
+            open = activeOnRelay::add
+        )
+        val second = slot.replace(
+            close = delayedCloses::add,
+            open = activeOnRelay::add
+        )
+
+        delayedCloses.forEach(activeOnRelay::remove)
+
+        assertNotEquals(first, second)
+        assertFalse(first in activeOnRelay)
+        assertTrue(second in activeOnRelay)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyManagerTest.kt b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyManagerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c92bc4ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/PrekeyManagerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package com.bitchat.android.services.bridge
+
+import com.bitchat.android.noise.CourierNoiseCrypto
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.Ed25519PrivateKeyParameters
+import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class PrekeyManagerTest {
+    @Test
+    fun `message retry reuses assigned prekey and recipient grace key`() {
+        val now = 1_750_000_000_000L
+        val recipientIdentity = identity(seed = 1)
+        val senderIdentity = identity(seed = 65)
+        var generatedSeed = 100
+        val recipient = manager(recipientIdentity) {
+            ByteArray(32) { index -> (generatedSeed + index).toByte() }
+                .also { generatedSeed += 1 }
+        }
+        val sender = manager(senderIdentity)
+        val bundle = requireNotNull(recipient.currentSignedBundle(now))
+
+        assertTrue(
+            sender.verifyAndIngest(
+                bundle,
+                expectedNoiseKey = requireNotNull(recipientIdentity.staticKey()).second,
+                announceBoundSigningKey = requireNotNull(recipientIdentity.signingKey()).second,
+                nowMs = now
+            )
+        )
+
+        val payload = "offline hello".toByteArray()
+        val first = sender.seal(
+            payload,
+            messageId = "message-1",
+            recipientNoiseKey = requireNotNull(recipientIdentity.staticKey()).second,
+            recipientAdvertisesPrekeys = true,
+            nowMs = now
+        )
+        val retry = sender.seal(
+            payload,
+            messageId = "message-1",
+            recipientNoiseKey = requireNotNull(recipientIdentity.staticKey()).second,
+            recipientAdvertisesPrekeys = true,
+            nowMs = now + 1
+        )
+
+        assertNotNull(first.prekeyId)
+        assertEquals(first.prekeyId, retry.prekeyId)
+        val firstOpened = recipient.open(first.ciphertext, first.prekeyId, now + 2)
+        val retryOpened = recipient.open(retry.ciphertext, retry.prekeyId, now + 3)
+        assertArrayEquals(payload, firstOpened.payload)
+        assertArrayEquals(payload, retryOpened.payload)
+        assertTrue(firstOpened.consumedPrekey)
+        assertFalse(retryOpened.consumedPrekey)
+
+        val nextMessage = sender.seal(
+            payload,
+            messageId = "message-2",
+            recipientNoiseKey = requireNotNull(recipientIdentity.staticKey()).second,
+            recipientAdvertisesPrekeys = true,
+            nowMs = now + 4
+        )
+        assertNotEquals(first.prekeyId, nextMessage.prekeyId)
+    }
+
+    private fun manager(
+        identity: PrekeyIdentity,
+        randomBytes: () -> ByteArray = { ByteArray(32) { (it + 11).toByte() } }
+    ): PrekeyManager =
+        PrekeyManager(
+            identity = identity,
+            localStore = MemoryLocalPrekeyStore(),
+            peerStore = MemoryPeerPrekeyStore(),
+            randomBytes = randomBytes
+        )
+
+    private fun identity(seed: Int): PrekeyIdentity {
+        val staticPrivate = ByteArray(32) { (seed + it).toByte() }
+        val signingPrivate = Ed25519PrivateKeyParameters(
+            ByteArray(32) { (seed + 32 + it).toByte() },
+            0
+        )
+        return FakePrekeyIdentity(
+            static = staticPrivate to CourierNoiseCrypto.publicKey(staticPrivate),
+            signing = signingPrivate.encoded to signingPrivate.generatePublicKey().encoded
+        )
+    }
+
+    private class FakePrekeyIdentity(
+        private val static: Pair<ByteArray, ByteArray>,
+        private val signing: Pair<ByteArray, ByteArray>
+    ) : PrekeyIdentity {
+        override fun staticKey(): Pair<ByteArray, ByteArray> = static
+        override fun signingKey(): Pair<ByteArray, ByteArray> = signing
+    }
+
+    private class MemoryLocalPrekeyStore : LocalPrekeyStore {
+        private var state = LocalPrekeyState()
+
+        override fun load(): LocalPrekeyState = state
+
+        override fun save(state: LocalPrekeyState) {
+            this.state = state
+        }
+
+        override fun clear() {
+            state = LocalPrekeyState()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class MemoryPeerPrekeyStore : PeerPrekeyStore {
+        private var bundles = mutableMapOf<String, StoredPeerPrekeyBundle>()
+
+        override fun load(): MutableMap<String, StoredPeerPrekeyBundle> = bundles
+
+        override fun save(bundles: Map<String, StoredPeerPrekeyBundle>) {
+            this.bundles = bundles.toMutableMap()
+        }
+
+        override fun clear() {
+            bundles.clear()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/sync/GossipSyncGroupTest.kt b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/sync/GossipSyncGroupTest.kt
index c73cba0d..e59e9e5b 100644
--- a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/sync/GossipSyncGroupTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/sync/GossipSyncGroupTest.kt
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class GossipSyncGroupTest {
         type = type.value,
         senderID = ByteArray(8) { 0x11 },
         recipientID = SpecialRecipients.BROADCAST,
-        timestamp = 1u,
+        timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis().toULong(),
         payload = payload,
         ttl = 1u
     )
diff --git a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/sync/SyncTypeFlagsTest.kt b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/sync/SyncTypeFlagsTest.kt
index 263dc712..f4aa084c 100644
--- a/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/sync/SyncTypeFlagsTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/kotlin/com/bitchat/android/sync/SyncTypeFlagsTest.kt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class SyncTypeFlagsTest {
 
     @Test
     fun `unknown extended bits are normalized away`() {
-        val decoded = SyncTypeFlags.decode(byteArrayOf(0x03, 0xfc.toByte()))!!
+        val decoded = SyncTypeFlags.decode(byteArrayOf(0x03, 0xf8.toByte()))!!
 
         assertEquals(SyncTypeFlags.PUBLIC_MESSAGES, decoded)
         assertArrayEquals(byteArrayOf(0x03), decoded.encode())
diff --git a/wear/build.gradle.kts b/wear/build.gradle.kts
index fd814ba9..ca16d5a0 100644
--- a/wear/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/wear/build.gradle.kts
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ composeCompiler {
 // onboarding, nostr (except pure-Kotlin Bech32), net, geohash, wifi-aware, hotspot, voice
 // features, and the phone's foreground service.
 val sharedSourceIncludes = listOf(
+    "com/bitchat/android/nostr/MeshMessageIdentity.kt",
+    "com/bitchat/android/services/bridge/BridgeProtocolPacketFactory.kt",
     "com/bitchat/android/board/BoardPackets.kt",
     "com/bitchat/android/board/BoardStore.kt",
     "com/bitchat/android/protocol/**",
@@ -114,6 +116,7 @@ val sharedSourceIncludes = listOf(
     "com/bitchat/android/util/BinaryEncodingUtils.kt",
 )
 val sharedSourceExcludes = listOf(
+    "com/bitchat/android/model/NostrCarrierPacket.kt",
     "com/bitchat/android/model/FileSharingManager.kt",
     // Legacy phone monolith and Wi-Fi Aware multiplexer; the watch composes its own service
     // (MeshCore-style) in M2 instead of reusing these.