Support numberless accounts over D-Bus

doc/numberless-accounts.md

@@ -27,9 +27,22 @@ Receive events use the ACI in their `account` field when there is no phone numbe
 REST wrappers must understand those nullable numbers and ACI selectors before they
 can be assumed compatible.
 
-Numberless accounts are supported through the CLI and JSON-RPC interfaces. The
-D-Bus interface still assumes phone-number-based account identifiers and does not
-support numberless accounts.
+Numberless accounts are also supported through D-Bus. Start
+`signal-cli daemon --dbus`, then use the ACI with the D-Bus client:
+
+```sh
+signal-cli --dbus -a YOUR_ACCOUNT_ACI listGroups
+signal-cli --dbus -a YOUR_ACCOUNT_ACI send --note-to-self -m 'Numberless account test'
+```
+
+In multi-account mode, D-Bus exports numberless accounts under
+`/org/asamk/Signal/ACI`, with the ACI's hyphens replaced by underscores. Numbered
+accounts retain their phone-number-based paths. Use `SignalControl.listAccounts`
+or `SignalControl.getAccount` to discover paths; `getAccount` accepts either a
+phone number or an ACI. `Signal.getSelfNumber` returns an empty string when the
+account has no phone number, and `Signal.getSelfACI` returns the ACI.
+`Signal.listRecipientIdentifiers` includes contacts without a phone number;
+`Signal.listNumbers` continues to return only phone numbers.
 
 ## Validation
 
@@ -38,6 +51,13 @@ request (including ACI authentication and omission of PNI keys), numbered-accoun
 linking, missing group credential salts, persisted account reload, account discovery,
 group membership lookup, recipient-number formatting, and JSON account identifiers.
 
+D-Bus transport tests require a session bus. To run them on an isolated bus, use
+`dbus-run-session -- ./gradlew --no-daemon :test --tests '*NumberlessDbusTest*' --rerun-tasks`.
+These tests exercise the D-Bus server and client with a local test backend, including
+mixed accounts, direct and group messages, self-directed operations, and account
+removal. They do not contact Signal. Without a session bus, only the D-Bus unit
+tests run and the transport tests are skipped.
+
 Live acceptance requires a real mobile account and is separate from these tests:
 
 1. Link a newly created secondary device using the numberless mobile account.
@@ -45,6 +65,8 @@ Live acceptance requires a real mobile account and is separate from these tests:
 3. Send and receive a Note to Self message and a DM with a second account.
 4. Receive a group message, list the group, and send a reply to that test group.
 5. Run the JSON-RPC daemon, restart it, and repeat receiving and sending by ACI.
+6. Repeat with `daemon --dbus` and the `--dbus -a YOUR_ACCOUNT_ACI` client, checking
+   direct messages, group messages, and Note to Self.
 
 Only one signal-cli process may open an account's state at a time. Stop the daemon
 before running one-off commands against the same configuration directory.

man/signal-cli-dbus.5.adoc

@@ -15,9 +15,13 @@ signal-cli-dbus - A commandline and dbus interface for the Signal messenger
 
 *signal-cli* [--verbose] [--data-dir DATA_DIR] [-a ACCOUNT] [-o {plain-text,json}] daemon [--dbus] [--dbus-system]
 
-*dbus-send* [--system | --session] [--print-reply] --type=method_call --dest="org.asamk.Signal" /org/asamk/Signal[/_<phonenumber>] org.asamk.Signal.<method> [string:<string argument>] [array:<type>:<array argument>]
+*dbus-send* [--system | --session] [--print-reply] --type=method_call --dest="org.asamk.Signal" /org/asamk/Signal[/<account-id>] org.asamk.Signal.<method> [string:<string argument>] [array:<type>:<array argument>]
 
-Note: when daemon was started without explicit `-a ACCOUNT`, the `dbus-send` command requires adding the phone number in `/org/asamk/Signal/_<phonenumber>`.
+Note: when daemon was started without explicit `-a ACCOUNT`, use the account's
+object path returned by `org.asamk.SignalControl.listAccounts` or
+`org.asamk.SignalControl.getAccount`. Numbered accounts use
+`/org/asamk/Signal/_<phonenumber>`. Accounts without a phone number use
+`/org/asamk/Signal/<ACI>`, with hyphens replaced by underscores.
 
 == Description
 
@@ -49,6 +53,11 @@ All Exceptions begin with "org.asamk.Signal.Error." which is omitted here for be
 
 Phone numbers always have the format +<countrycode><regional number>
 
+For an account without a phone number, use its ACI (Account ID) with the
+`signal-cli --dbus -a ACCOUNT` client. ACI selectors also work for numbered accounts.
+An account without a phone number cannot infer the country code of a recipient;
+use a complete international phone number, an ACI, or a Signal username.
+
 == Methods
 
 === SignalControl interface
@@ -73,11 +82,29 @@ For example:
 dbus-send --session --dest=org.asamk.Signal --type=method_call --print-reply /org/asamk/Signal org.asamk.Signal.link string:"My secondary client" | tr '\n' '\0' | sed 's/.*string //g' | sed 's/\"//g' | qrencode -s10 -tANSI256
 ----
 
-listAccounts() -> accountList<as>::
+listAccounts() -> accountList<ao>::
 * accountList : Array of all attached accounts in DBus object path form
 
 Exceptions: None
 
+getAccount(identifier<s>) -> account<o>::
+* identifier : Phone number or ACI of an attached account
+* account : DBus object path of the account
+
+Exceptions: org.asamk.SignalControl.Error.Failure if the account is unknown
+
+startLink() -> deviceLinkUri<s>::
+* deviceLinkUri : Provisioning URI to scan with the primary Signal device
+
+finishLink(deviceLinkUri<s>, newDeviceName<s>) -> identifier<s>::
+* deviceLinkUri : URI returned by startLink
+* newDeviceName : Name for the linked device
+* identifier : Phone number of the linked account, or its ACI when it has no phone number
+
+Both linking methods support accounts with or without a phone number.
+
+Exceptions: org.asamk.SignalControl.Error.Failure
+
 register(number<s>, voiceVerification<b>) -> <>::
 * number : Phone number
 * voiceVerification : true = use voice verification; false = use SMS verification
@@ -115,9 +142,10 @@ Exceptions: None
 
 The following methods listen to the account's object path, which is constructed as follows:
 
-- for single-account mode: "/org/asamk/Signal/"
-- for multi-account mode: "/org/asamk/Signal/" + DBusNumber
-* DBusNumber: account's phone number, with underscore (_) replacing plus (+)
+- for single-account mode: "/org/asamk/Signal"
+- for multi-account mode: "/org/asamk/Signal/" + DBusIdentifier
+* DBusIdentifier: account's phone number with underscore (_) replacing plus (+),
+  or its ACI with underscores replacing hyphens when there is no phone number
 
 getContactName(number<s>) -> name<s>::
 * number : Phone number
@@ -135,7 +163,12 @@ May result in e.g. two entries if a contact and profile name is set.
 Exceptions: None
 
 getSelfNumber() -> number<s>::
-* number : Your phone number
+* number : Your phone number, or an empty string for an account without a phone number
+
+Exceptions: None
+
+getSelfACI() -> aci<s>::
+* aci : Your account's ACI (Account ID), available with or without a phone number
 
 Exceptions: None
 
@@ -167,6 +200,14 @@ This is a concatenated list of all defined contacts as well of profiles known (e
 
 Exceptions: None
 
+listRecipientIdentifiers() -> identifiers<as>::
+* identifiers : String array of known recipient identifiers, including recipients without a phone number
+
+Uses phone numbers where known and includes ACIs for recipients without a phone
+number. Unlike `listNumbers`, this method also includes numberless recipients.
+
+Exceptions: None
+
 removePin() -> <>::
 
 Removes registration PIN protection.

src/main/java/org/asamk/Signal.java

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ import java.util.Map;
  */
 public interface Signal extends DBusInterface {
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the account's phone number, or an empty string for a numberless account.
+     */
     String getSelfNumber();
 
     String getSelfACI();
@@ -186,6 +189,8 @@ public interface Signal extends DBusInterface {
 
     List<String> listNumbers();
 
+    List<String> listRecipientIdentifiers();
+
     List<String> getContactNumber(final String name) throws Error.Failure;
 
     @Deprecated

src/main/java/org/asamk/SignalControl.java

@@ -37,7 +37,10 @@ public interface SignalControl extends DBusInterface {
 
     List<DBusPath> listAccounts();
 
-    DBusPath getAccount(String number);
+    /**
+     * Resolves a phone number or ACI to an exported account's object path.
+     */
+    DBusPath getAccount(String identifier) throws Error.Failure;
 
     interface Error {
 

src/main/java/org/asamk/signal/dbus/DbusCommandHandler.java

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public class DbusCommandHandler {
         try {
             if (command instanceof ProvisioningCommand c) {
                 if (account != null) {
-                    throw new UserErrorException("You cannot specify a account (phone number) when linking");
+                    throw new UserErrorException("You cannot specify an account when linking");
                 }
 
                 handleProvisioningCommand(c, dBusConn, busname, commandHandler);
@@ -74,7 +74,9 @@ public class DbusCommandHandler {
                 throw new UserErrorException("Command only works in multi-account mode");
             }
 
-            var accountObjectPath = account == null ? tryGetSingleAccountObjectPath(dBusConn, busname) : null;
+            var accountObjectPath = account == null
+                    ? tryGetSingleAccountObjectPath(dBusConn, busname)
+                    : getAccountObjectPath(account, dBusConn, busname);
             if (accountObjectPath == null) {
                 accountObjectPath = DbusConfig.getObjectPath(account);
             }
@@ -86,6 +88,24 @@ public class DbusCommandHandler {
         }
     }
 
+    private static String getAccountObjectPath(
+            final String account,
+            final DBusConnection dBusConn,
+            final String busname
+    ) throws DBusException, CommandException {
+        final var control = dBusConn.getRemoteObject(busname, DbusConfig.getObjectPath(), SignalControl.class);
+        try {
+            return control.getAccount(account).getPath();
+        } catch (UnknownMethod e) {
+            // A single-account daemon exports Signal directly at the base path.
+            final var signal = dBusConn.getRemoteObject(busname, DbusConfig.getObjectPath(), Signal.class);
+            if (!account.equals(signal.getSelfNumber()) && !account.equals(signal.getSelfACI())) {
+                throw new UserErrorException("Unknown account: " + account);
+            }
+            return DbusConfig.getObjectPath();
+        }
+    }
+
     private static String tryGetSingleAccountObjectPath(
             final DBusConnection dBusConn,
             final String busname
@@ -97,7 +117,7 @@ public class DbusCommandHandler {
                 throw new UserErrorException("No local users found, you first need to register or link an account");
             } else if (accounts.size() > 1) {
                 throw new UserErrorException(
-                        "Multiple users found, you need to specify an account (phone number) with -a");
+                        "Multiple users found, you need to specify an account (phone number or ACI) with -a");
             }
 
             return accounts.getFirst().getPath();

src/main/java/org/asamk/signal/dbus/DbusHandler.java

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public class DbusHandler implements AutoCloseable {
                 }
             });
             c.addOnManagerRemovedHandler(m -> {
-                final var path = DbusConfig.getObjectPath(m.getSelfNumber());
+                final var path = DbusConfig.getObjectPath(m.getSelfIdentifier());
                 try {
                     final var object = connection.getExportedObject(null, path);
                     if (object instanceof DbusSignalImpl dbusSignal) {
@@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ public class DbusHandler implements AutoCloseable {
         final var signal = new DbusSignalImpl(m, conn, objectPath, noReceiveOnStart);
         closeables.add(signal);
 
-        return Thread.ofPlatform().name("dbus-init-" + m.getSelfNumber()).start(signal::initObjects);
+        return Thread.ofPlatform().name("dbus-init-" + m.getSelfIdentifier()).start(signal::initObjects);
     }
 
     private Thread exportManager(final DBusConnection conn, final Manager m) {
-        final var objectPath = DbusConfig.getObjectPath(m.getSelfNumber());
+        final var objectPath = DbusConfig.getObjectPath(m.getSelfIdentifier());
         return exportDbusObject(conn, objectPath, m);
     }
 

src/main/java/org/asamk/signal/dbus/DbusManagerImpl.java

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.UsernameLinkUrl;
 import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.UsernameStatus;
 import org.freedesktop.dbus.DBusPath;
 import org.freedesktop.dbus.connections.impl.DBusConnection;
+import org.freedesktop.dbus.errors.UnknownMethod;
 import org.freedesktop.dbus.exceptions.DBusException;
 import org.freedesktop.dbus.exceptions.DBusExecutionException;
 import org.freedesktop.dbus.interfaces.DBusInterface;
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 import java.util.function.Function;
@@ -110,7 +112,8 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
 
     @Override
     public String getSelfNumber() {
-        return signal.getSelfNumber();
+        final var number = signal.getSelfNumber();
+        return number.isEmpty() ? null : number;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -438,7 +441,7 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
             numbers.forEach(n -> signal.sendTyping(n, action == TypingAction.STOP));
             return 0L;
         }, () -> {
-            signal.sendTyping(signal.getSelfNumber(), action == TypingAction.STOP);
+            signal.sendTyping(getSelfIdentifier(), action == TypingAction.STOP);
             return 0L;
         }, groupId -> {
             signal.sendGroupTyping(groupId, action == TypingAction.STOP);
@@ -486,7 +489,7 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
     ) throws IOException, NotAGroupMemberException, GroupNotFoundException, GroupSendingNotAllowedException {
         return handleMessage(recipients,
                 numbers -> signal.sendRemoteDeleteMessage(targetSentTimestamp, numbers),
-                () -> signal.sendRemoteDeleteMessage(targetSentTimestamp, signal.getSelfNumber()),
+                () -> signal.sendRemoteDeleteMessage(targetSentTimestamp, getSelfIdentifier()),
                 groupId -> signal.sendGroupRemoteDeleteMessage(targetSentTimestamp, groupId));
     }
 
@@ -510,7 +513,7 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
                         remove,
                         targetAuthor.getIdentifier(),
                         targetSentTimestamp,
-                        signal.getSelfNumber()),
+                        getSelfIdentifier()),
                 groupId -> signal.sendGroupMessageReaction(emoji,
                         remove,
                         targetAuthor.getIdentifier(),
@@ -809,43 +812,46 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
             final Collection<RecipientIdentifier.Single> addresses,
             final Optional<String> name
     ) {
-        final var numbers = addresses.stream()
-                .filter(s -> s instanceof RecipientIdentifier.Number)
-                .map(s -> ((RecipientIdentifier.Number) s).number())
+        final var identifiers = addresses.stream()
+                .map(RecipientIdentifier.Single::getIdentifier)
                 .collect(Collectors.toSet());
-        return signal.listNumbers().stream().filter(n -> addresses.isEmpty() || numbers.contains(n)).map(n -> {
-            final var contactBlocked = signal.isContactBlocked(n);
-            if (blocked.isPresent() && blocked.get() != contactBlocked) {
-                return null;
-            }
-            final var contactName = signal.getContactName(n);
-            if (onlyContacts && contactName.isEmpty()) {
-                return null;
-            }
-            if (name.isPresent() && !name.get().equals(contactName)) {
-                return null;
-            }
-            return Recipient.newBuilder()
-                    .withAddress(new RecipientAddress(n))
-                    .withContact(new Contact(contactName,
-                            null,
-                            null,
-                            null,
-                            null,
-                            null,
-                            null,
-                            0,
-                            1,
-                            0,
-                            false,
-                            contactBlocked,
-                            0,
-                            false,
-                            false,
-                            false,
-                            null))
-                    .build();
-        }).filter(Objects::nonNull).toList();
+        return listRecipientIdentifiers().stream()
+                .filter(n -> addresses.isEmpty() || identifiers.contains(n))
+                .map(n -> {
+                    final var contactBlocked = signal.isContactBlocked(n);
+                    if (blocked.isPresent() && blocked.get() != contactBlocked) {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    final var contactName = signal.getContactName(n);
+                    if (onlyContacts && contactName.isEmpty()) {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    if (name.isPresent() && !name.get().equals(contactName)) {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    return Recipient.newBuilder()
+                            .withAddress(getRecipientAddress(n))
+                            .withContact(new Contact(contactName,
+                                    null,
+                                    null,
+                                    null,
+                                    null,
+                                    null,
+                                    null,
+                                    0,
+                                    1,
+                                    0,
+                                    false,
+                                    contactBlocked,
+                                    0,
+                                    false,
+                                    false,
+                                    false,
+                                    null))
+                            .build();
+                })
+                .filter(Objects::nonNull)
+                .toList();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -870,16 +876,16 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
                     (String) group.get("Description").getValue(),
                     GroupInviteLinkUrl.fromUri((String) group.get("GroupInviteLink").getValue()),
                     ((List<String>) group.get("Members").getValue()).stream()
-                            .map(m -> new GroupMember(new RecipientAddress(m), admins.contains(m), null, null))
+                            .map(m -> new GroupMember(getRecipientAddress(m), admins.contains(m), null, null))
                             .collect(Collectors.toSet()),
                     ((List<String>) group.get("PendingMembers").getValue()).stream()
-                            .map(RecipientAddress::new)
+                            .map(DbusManagerImpl::getRecipientAddress)
                             .collect(Collectors.toSet()),
                     ((List<String>) group.get("RequestingMembers").getValue()).stream()
-                            .map(RecipientAddress::new)
+                            .map(DbusManagerImpl::getRecipientAddress)
                             .collect(Collectors.toSet()),
                     ((List<String>) group.get("Banned").getValue()).stream()
-                            .map(RecipientAddress::new)
+                            .map(DbusManagerImpl::getRecipientAddress)
                             .collect(Collectors.toSet()),
                     (boolean) group.get("IsBlocked").getValue(),
                     (int) group.get("MessageExpirationTimer").getValue(),
@@ -910,7 +916,10 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
         final var group = getRemoteObject(identityPath, Signal.Identity.class).GetAll("org.asamk.Signal.Identity");
         final var aci = (String) group.get("Uuid").getValue();
         final var number = (String) group.get("Number").getValue();
-        return new Identity(new RecipientAddress(aci, null, number, null),
+        return new Identity(new RecipientAddress(aci.isEmpty() ? null : aci,
+                null,
+                number.isEmpty() ? null : number,
+                null),
                 (byte[]) group.get("Fingerprint").getValue(),
                 (String) group.get("SafetyNumber").getValue(),
                 (byte[]) group.get("ScannableSafetyNumber").getValue(),
@@ -1073,6 +1082,23 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
         return string == null ? "" : string;
     }
 
+    private static RecipientAddress getRecipientAddress(final String identifier) {
+        try {
+            return new RecipientAddress(UUID.fromString(identifier));
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return new RecipientAddress(identifier);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<String> listRecipientIdentifiers() {
+        try {
+            return signal.listRecipientIdentifiers();
+        } catch (UnknownMethod e) {
+            // Older daemons only expose recipients with a known phone number.
+            return signal.listNumbers();
+        }
+    }
+
     private <T extends DBusInterface> T getRemoteObject(final DBusPath path, final Class<T> type) {
         try {
             return connection.getRemoteObject(busname, path.getPath(), type);
@@ -1085,7 +1111,7 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
         try {
             this.dbusMsgHandler = messageReceived -> {
                 final var extras = messageReceived.getExtras();
-                final var envelope = new MessageEnvelope(Optional.of(new RecipientAddress(messageReceived.getSender())),
+                final var envelope = new MessageEnvelope(Optional.of(getRecipientAddress(messageReceived.getSender())),
                         0,
                         messageReceived.getTimestamp(),
                         0,
@@ -1132,7 +1158,7 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
             connection.addSigHandler(Signal.MessageReceivedV2.class, signal, this.dbusMsgHandler);
             this.dbusEditMsgHandler = messageReceived -> {
                 final var extras = messageReceived.getExtras();
-                final var envelope = new MessageEnvelope(Optional.of(new RecipientAddress(messageReceived.getSender())),
+                final var envelope = new MessageEnvelope(Optional.of(getRecipientAddress(messageReceived.getSender())),
                         0,
                         messageReceived.getTimestamp(),
                         0,
@@ -1186,7 +1212,7 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
                     case "delivery" -> MessageEnvelope.Receipt.Type.DELIVERY;
                     default -> MessageEnvelope.Receipt.Type.UNKNOWN;
                 };
-                final var envelope = new MessageEnvelope(Optional.of(new RecipientAddress(receiptReceived.getSender())),
+                final var envelope = new MessageEnvelope(Optional.of(getRecipientAddress(receiptReceived.getSender())),
                         0,
                         receiptReceived.getTimestamp(),
                         0,
@@ -1207,7 +1233,7 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
 
             this.dbusSyncHandler = syncReceived -> {
                 final var extras = syncReceived.getExtras();
-                final var envelope = new MessageEnvelope(Optional.of(new RecipientAddress(syncReceived.getSource())),
+                final var envelope = new MessageEnvelope(Optional.of(getRecipientAddress(syncReceived.getSource())),
                         0,
                         syncReceived.getTimestamp(),
                         0,
@@ -1221,7 +1247,7 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
                                 syncReceived.getTimestamp(),
                                 syncReceived.getDestination().isEmpty()
                                         ? Optional.empty()
-                                        : Optional.of(new RecipientAddress(syncReceived.getDestination())),
+                                        : Optional.of(getRecipientAddress(syncReceived.getDestination())),
                                 Set.of(),
                                 Optional.of(new MessageEnvelope.Data(syncReceived.getTimestamp(),
                                         syncReceived.getGroupId().length > 0
@@ -1326,7 +1352,7 @@ public class DbusManagerImpl implements Manager {
 
         final List<Map<String, Variant<?>>> mentions = getValue(extras, "mentions");
         return mentions.stream()
-                .map(a -> new MessageEnvelope.Data.Mention(new RecipientAddress(this.<String>getValue(a, "recipient")),
+                .map(a -> new MessageEnvelope.Data.Mention(getRecipientAddress(this.<String>getValue(a, "recipient")),
                         getValue(a, "start"),
                         getValue(a, "length")))
                 .toList();

src/main/java/org/asamk/signal/dbus/DbusMultiAccountManagerImpl.java

@@ -45,10 +45,7 @@ public class DbusMultiAccountManagerImpl implements MultiAccountManager {
 
     @Override
     public List<String> getAccountNumbers() {
-        return signalControl.listAccounts()
-                .stream()
-                .map(a -> getRemoteObject(a, Signal.class).getSelfNumber())
-                .toList();
+        return getManagers().stream().map(Manager::getSelfNumber).toList();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -74,8 +71,8 @@ public class DbusMultiAccountManagerImpl implements MultiAccountManager {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Manager getManager(final String phoneNumber) {
-        return new DbusManagerImpl(getRemoteObject(signalControl.getAccount(phoneNumber), Signal.class),
+    public Manager getManager(final String identifier) {
+        return new DbusManagerImpl(getRemoteObject(signalControl.getAccount(identifier), Signal.class),
                 connection,
                 busname);
     }

src/main/java/org/asamk/signal/dbus/DbusSignalControlImpl.java

@@ -159,11 +159,19 @@ public class DbusSignalControlImpl implements org.asamk.SignalControl {
 
     @Override
     public List<DBusPath> listAccounts() {
-        return c.getAccountNumbers().stream().map(u -> new DBusPath(DbusConfig.getObjectPath(u))).toList();
+        return c.getManagers()
+                .stream()
+                .map(m -> new DBusPath(DbusConfig.getObjectPath(m.getSelfIdentifier())))
+                .toList();
     }
 
     @Override
-    public DBusPath getAccount(final String number) {
-        return new DBusPath(DbusConfig.getObjectPath(number));
+    public DBusPath getAccount(final String identifier) {
+        final var manager = c.getManagers()
+                .stream()
+                .filter(m -> identifier.equals(m.getSelfNumber()) || identifier.equals(m.getSelfACI()))
+                .findFirst()
+                .orElseThrow(() -> new Error.Failure("Unknown account: " + identifier));
+        return new DBusPath(DbusConfig.getObjectPath(manager.getSelfIdentifier()));
     }
 }

src/main/java/org/asamk/signal/dbus/DbusSignalImpl.java

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ public class DbusSignalImpl implements Signal, AutoCloseable {
 
     @Override
     public String getSelfNumber() {
-        return m.getSelfNumber();
+        return emptyIfNull(m.getSelfNumber());
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -803,6 +803,15 @@ public class DbusSignalImpl implements Signal, AutoCloseable {
                 .toList();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public List<String> listRecipientIdentifiers() {
+        return m.getRecipients(false, Optional.empty(), Set.of(), Optional.empty())
+                .stream()
+                .map(r -> r.getAddress().getLegacyIdentifier())
+                .distinct()
+                .toList();
+    }
+
     @Override
     public List<String> getContactNumber(final String name) {
         return m.getRecipients(false, Optional.empty(), Set.of(), Optional.of(name))

src/test/java/org/asamk/signal/dbus/NumberlessDbusTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+package org.asamk.signal.dbus;
+
+import org.asamk.Signal;
+import org.asamk.SignalControl;
+import org.asamk.signal.DbusConfig;
+import org.asamk.signal.commands.CommandHandler;
+import org.asamk.signal.commands.ListGroupsCommand;
+import org.asamk.signal.commands.LocalCommand;
+import org.asamk.signal.commands.exceptions.UserErrorException;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.Manager;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.Group;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.GroupId;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.GroupMember;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.GroupPermission;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.Identity;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.MessageEnvelope;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.Recipient;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.RecipientAddress;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.RecipientIdentifier;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.SendMessageResults;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.TrustLevel;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.api.TypingAction;
+import org.asamk.signal.manager.internal.MultiAccountManagerImpl;
+import org.freedesktop.dbus.DBusPath;
+import org.freedesktop.dbus.connections.impl.DBusConnection;
+import org.freedesktop.dbus.connections.impl.DBusConnectionBuilder;
+import org.freedesktop.dbus.errors.UnknownMethod;
+import org.freedesktop.dbus.exceptions.DBusExecutionException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledIfEnvironmentVariable;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.NullSource;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
+import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+class NumberlessDbusTest {
+
+    private static final String NUMBER = "+12025550123";
+    private static final String ACI = "11111111-1111-4111-8111-111111111111";
+    private static final String OTHER_ACI = "22222222-2222-4222-8222-222222222222";
+    private static final String THIRD_ACI = "33333333-3333-4333-8333-333333333333";
+    private static final String NUMBERLESS_PATH = "/org/asamk/Signal/11111111_1111_4111_8111_111111111111";
+    private static final String NUMBERED_PATH = "/org/asamk/Signal/_12025550123";
+
+    @Test
+    void resolvesNumberlessAndNumberedAccountsWithoutChangingNumberedPaths() {
+        final var numberless = new TestAccount(null, ACI);
+        final var numbered = new TestAccount(NUMBER, OTHER_ACI);
+        final var accounts = new MultiAccountManagerImpl(List.of(numberless.manager, numbered.manager), null);
+        final var control = new DbusSignalControlImpl(accounts, DbusConfig.getObjectPath());
+
+        assertEquals(Set.of(new DBusPath(NUMBERLESS_PATH), new DBusPath(NUMBERED_PATH)),
+                Set.copyOf(control.listAccounts()));
+        assertEquals(NUMBERLESS_PATH, control.getAccount(ACI).getPath());
+        assertEquals(NUMBERED_PATH, control.getAccount(NUMBER).getPath());
+        assertEquals(NUMBERED_PATH, control.getAccount(OTHER_ACI).getPath());
+        assertThrows(SignalControl.Error.Failure.class, () -> control.getAccount(THIRD_ACI));
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @NullSource
+    @ValueSource(strings = NUMBER)
+    void mapsOptionalPhoneNumbersAndAddressesSelfByAnAvailableIdentifier(final String number) throws Exception {
+        final var account = new TestAccount(number, ACI);
+        final var signal = new DbusSignalImpl(account.manager, null, DbusConfig.getObjectPath(), true);
+        final var client = new DbusManagerImpl(signal, null, "org.asamk.Signal.Test");
+
+        assertEquals(number == null ? "" : number, signal.getSelfNumber());
+        assertEquals(number, client.getSelfNumber());
+        assertEquals(number == null ? ACI : number, client.getSelfIdentifier());
+        checkSelfOperations(client,
+                account,
+                number == null
+                        ? new RecipientIdentifier.Uuid(UUID.fromString(ACI))
+                        : new RecipientIdentifier.Number(number));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void readsContactsFromOlderDaemonsWithoutTheNewRecipientListingMethod() {
+        final var account = new TestAccount(NUMBER, ACI);
+        account.recipients = List.of(Recipient.newBuilder().withAddress(new RecipientAddress(NUMBER)).build());
+        final var signal = new DbusSignalImpl(account.manager, null, DbusConfig.getObjectPath(), true) {
+            @Override
+            public List<String> listRecipientIdentifiers() {
+                throw new UnknownMethod("Not implemented by this daemon");
+            }
+        };
+        final var client = new DbusManagerImpl(signal, null, "org.asamk.Signal.Test");
+        assertEquals(NUMBER,
+                client.getRecipients(false, Optional.empty(), Set.of(), Optional.empty())
+                        .getFirst()
+                        .getAddress()
+                        .number()
+                        .orElseThrow());
+    }
+
+    // Run with: dbus-run-session -- ./gradlew --no-daemon :test --tests '*NumberlessDbusTest*' --rerun-tasks
+    @Nested
+    @Timeout(20)
+    @EnabledIfEnvironmentVariable(named = "DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS", matches = ".+")
+    class SessionBus {
+
+        @Test
+        void exportsMixedAccountsRoutesAciSelectorsAndRemovesOnlyTheClosedAccount() throws Exception {
+            final var numberless = new TestAccount(null, ACI);
+            final var numbered = new TestAccount(NUMBER, OTHER_ACI);
+            final var secondNumberless = new TestAccount(null, THIRD_ACI);
+            final var accounts = new MultiAccountManagerImpl(List.of(numberless.manager,
+                    numbered.manager,
+                    secondNumberless.manager), null);
+            final var busname = newBusname();
+            try (final var server = new DbusHandler(false,
+                    busname,
+                    accounts,
+                    true); final var connection = DBusConnectionBuilder.forSessionBus().withShared(false).build()) {
+                server.init();
+                final var control = connection.getRemoteObject(busname,
+                        DbusConfig.getObjectPath(),
+                        SignalControl.class);
+                assertEquals(Set.of(NUMBERLESS_PATH, NUMBERED_PATH, DbusConfig.getObjectPath(THIRD_ACI)),
+                        control.listAccounts().stream().map(DBusPath::getPath).collect(Collectors.toSet()));
+                assertEquals(NUMBERED_PATH, control.getAccount(OTHER_ACI).getPath());
+                assertEquals(NUMBERED_PATH, control.getAccount(NUMBER).getPath());
+                assertEquals(NUMBERLESS_PATH, control.getAccount(ACI).getPath());
+                assertEquals(ACI, selectAccount(ACI, connection, busname));
+                assertEquals(OTHER_ACI, selectAccount(OTHER_ACI, connection, busname));
+                assertEquals(OTHER_ACI, selectAccount(NUMBER, connection, busname));
+                assertThrows(UserErrorException.class, () -> selectAccount(null, connection, busname));
+
+                final var client = new DbusMultiAccountManagerImpl(control, connection, busname);
+                assertEquals(3, client.getManagers().size());
+                assertEquals(2, client.getAccountNumbers().stream().filter(n -> n == null).count());
+                assertNull(client.getManager(ACI).getSelfNumber());
+                assertEquals(NUMBER, client.getManager(OTHER_ACI).getSelfNumber());
+
+                final var removed = connection.getRemoteObject(busname, NUMBERLESS_PATH, Signal.class);
+                numberless.manager.close();
+                assertEquals(2, control.listAccounts().size());
+                assertThrows(SignalControl.Error.Failure.class, () -> control.getAccount(ACI));
+                assertThrows(DBusExecutionException.class, removed::getSelfACI);
+                assertEquals(THIRD_ACI, client.getManager(THIRD_ACI).getSelfACI());
+                assertEquals(NUMBER, client.getManager(NUMBER).getSelfNumber());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @ParameterizedTest
+        @NullSource
+        @ValueSource(strings = NUMBER)
+        void selectsSingleAccountDaemonsImplicitlyAndByAci(final String number) throws Exception {
+            final var account = new TestAccount(number, ACI);
+            final var busname = newBusname();
+            try (final var server = new DbusHandler(false,
+                    busname,
+                    account.manager,
+                    true); final var connection = DBusConnectionBuilder.forSessionBus().withShared(false).build()) {
+                server.init();
+                assertEquals(ACI, selectAccount(null, connection, busname));
+                assertEquals(ACI, selectAccount(ACI, connection, busname));
+                if (number != null) {
+                    assertEquals(ACI, selectAccount(number, connection, busname));
+                }
+                assertThrows(UserErrorException.class, () -> selectAccount(OTHER_ACI, connection, busname));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void preservesAciAddressesInContactsGroupMembersAndIdentities() throws Exception {
+            final var account = new TestAccount(null, ACI);
+            final var contact = new RecipientAddress(UUID.fromString(OTHER_ACI));
+            final var numberedContact = new RecipientAddress(NUMBER);
+            account.recipients = List.of(Recipient.newBuilder().withAddress(contact).build(),
+                    Recipient.newBuilder().withAddress(numberedContact).build());
+            account.identities = List.of(new Identity(contact,
+                    new byte[]{1},
+                    "test",
+                    new byte[]{2},
+                    TrustLevel.TRUSTED_UNVERIFIED,
+                    123));
+            final var groupId = GroupId.unknownVersion(new byte[32]);
+            account.groups = List.of(new Group(groupId,
+                    "Test group",
+                    "",
+                    null,
+                    Set.of(new GroupMember(contact, true, null, null),
+                            new GroupMember(numberedContact, false, null, null)),
+                    Set.of(contact),
+                    Set.of(contact),
+                    Set.of(contact),
+                    false,
+                    0,
+                    GroupPermission.EVERY_MEMBER,
+                    GroupPermission.EVERY_MEMBER,
+                    GroupPermission.EVERY_MEMBER,
+                    true,
+                    true,
+                    false));
+            final var busname = newBusname();
+            try (final var server = new DbusHandler(false,
+                    busname,
+                    account.manager,
+                    true); final var connection = DBusConnectionBuilder.forSessionBus().withShared(false).build()) {
+                server.init();
+                final var signal = connection.getRemoteObject(busname, DbusConfig.getObjectPath(), Signal.class);
+                assertEquals(List.of(NUMBER), signal.listNumbers());
+                assertEquals(Set.of(OTHER_ACI, NUMBER), Set.copyOf(signal.listRecipientIdentifiers()));
+                try (final var client = new DbusManagerImpl(signal, connection, busname)) {
+                    final var contacts = client.getRecipients(false,
+                            Optional.empty(),
+                            Set.of(new RecipientIdentifier.Uuid(UUID.fromString(OTHER_ACI))),
+                            Optional.empty());
+                    assertEquals(1, contacts.size());
+                    assertEquals(contact, contacts.getFirst().getAddress());
+                    assertEquals(contact, client.getIdentities().getFirst().recipient());
+                    final var group = client.getGroups().getFirst();
+                    assertEquals(Set.of(contact, numberedContact),
+                            group.members().stream().map(GroupMember::recipientAddress).collect(Collectors.toSet()));
+                    assertEquals(Set.of(contact), group.pendingMembers());
+                    assertEquals(Set.of(contact), group.requestingMembers());
+                    assertEquals(Set.of(contact), group.bannedMembers());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void sendsAndReceivesNumberlessDirectGroupAndSelfMessagesOverDbus() throws Exception {
+            final var account = new TestAccount(null, ACI);
+            final var accounts = new MultiAccountManagerImpl(List.of(account.manager), null);
+            final var busname = newBusname();
+            try (final var server = new DbusHandler(false,
+                    busname,
+                    accounts,
+                    true); final var connection = DBusConnectionBuilder.forSessionBus().withShared(false).build()) {
+                server.init();
+                assertEquals(ACI, selectAccount(null, connection, busname));
+                final var signal = connection.getRemoteObject(busname, NUMBERLESS_PATH, Signal.class);
+                assertEquals("", signal.getSelfNumber());
+                final var groupId = GroupId.unknownVersion(new byte[32]);
+                assertEquals(42, signal.sendMessage("Direct", List.of(), OTHER_ACI));
+                assertEquals(42, signal.sendGroupMessage("Group", List.of(), groupId.serialize()));
+                assertEquals(42, signal.sendNoteToSelfMessage("Self", List.of()));
+                assertEquals(Set.of(new RecipientIdentifier.Uuid(UUID.fromString(OTHER_ACI))),
+                        account.calls.get(0).arguments().get(1));
+                assertEquals(Set.of(new RecipientIdentifier.Group(groupId)), account.calls.get(1).arguments().get(1));
+                assertEquals(Set.of(RecipientIdentifier.NoteToSelf.INSTANCE), account.calls.get(2).arguments().get(1));
+                assertThrows(Signal.Error.InvalidNumber.class,
+                        () -> signal.sendMessage("Invalid local number", List.of(), "2025550124"));
+
+                account.calls.clear();
+                try (final var client = new DbusManagerImpl(signal, connection, busname)) {
+                    checkSelfOperations(client, account, new RecipientIdentifier.Uuid(UUID.fromString(ACI)));
+                    final var received = new LinkedBlockingQueue<MessageEnvelope>();
+                    client.addReceiveHandler((envelope, error) -> received.add(envelope));
+                    for (final var group : List.of(Optional.<GroupId>empty(), Optional.of(groupId))) {
+                        account.emit(messageEnvelope(group));
+                        final var envelope = received.poll(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+                        assertNotNull(envelope);
+                        assertEquals(OTHER_ACI, envelope.sourceAddress().orElseThrow().aci().orElseThrow());
+                        assertEquals(Optional.empty(), envelope.sourceAddress().orElseThrow().number());
+                        assertEquals("Incoming", envelope.data().orElseThrow().body().orElseThrow());
+                        assertEquals(Optional.of(ACI),
+                                envelope.data().orElseThrow().mentions().getFirst().recipient().aci());
+                        assertEquals(group,
+                                envelope.data()
+                                        .orElseThrow()
+                                        .groupContext()
+                                        .map(MessageEnvelope.Data.GroupContext::groupId));
+                    }
+                }
+                assertEquals(0, account.receivers.size());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void checkSelfOperations(
+            final Manager client,
+            final TestAccount account,
+            final RecipientIdentifier.Single self
+    ) throws Exception {
+        final Set<RecipientIdentifier> recipients = Set.of(RecipientIdentifier.NoteToSelf.INSTANCE);
+        client.sendTypingMessage(TypingAction.START, recipients);
+        client.sendRemoteDeleteMessage(123, recipients);
+        client.sendMessageReaction("\uD83D\uDC4D", false, self, 123, recipients, false, false);
+        assertEquals(List.of("sendTypingMessage", "sendRemoteDeleteMessage", "sendMessageReaction"),
+                account.calls.stream().map(Call::name).toList());
+        assertEquals(Set.of(self), account.calls.get(0).arguments().get(1));
+        assertEquals(Set.of(self), account.calls.get(1).arguments().get(1));
+        assertEquals(Set.of(self), account.calls.get(2).arguments().get(4));
+    }
+
+    private static String selectAccount(
+            final String account,
+            final DBusConnection connection,
+            final String busname
+    ) throws Exception {
+        final var selected = new AtomicReference<String>();
+        final var handler = new CommandHandler(null, null) {
+            @Override
+            public void handleLocalCommand(final LocalCommand command, final Manager manager) {
+                selected.set(manager.getSelfACI());
+            }
+        };
+        DbusCommandHandler.handleCommand(new ListGroupsCommand(), account, connection, busname, handler);
+        return selected.get();
+    }
+
+    private static String newBusname() {
+        return "org.asamk.Signal.Test" + UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
+    }
+
+    private static MessageEnvelope messageEnvelope(final Optional<GroupId> groupId) {
+        final var data = new MessageEnvelope.Data(123,
+                groupId.map(id -> new MessageEnvelope.Data.GroupContext(id, false, 0)),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.of("Incoming"),
+                0,
+                false,
+                false,
+                false,
+                false,
+                false,
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                List.of(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                List.of(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                List.of(new MessageEnvelope.Data.Mention(new RecipientAddress(UUID.fromString(ACI)), 0, 1)),
+                List.of(),
+                List.of(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty());
+        return new MessageEnvelope(Optional.of(new RecipientAddress(UUID.fromString(OTHER_ACI))),
+                1,
+                123,
+                0,
+                0,
+                false,
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.of(data),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Optional.empty());
+    }
+
+    private record Call(String name, List<Object> arguments) {}
+
+    private static final class TestAccount {
+
+        private final Manager manager;
+        private final List<Call> calls = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+        private final List<Runnable> closedListeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+        private final List<Manager.ReceiveMessageHandler> receivers = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+        private List<Recipient> recipients = List.of();
+        private List<Group> groups = List.of();
+        private List<Identity> identities = List.of();
+
+        private TestAccount(final String number, final String aci) {
+            manager = (Manager) Proxy.newProxyInstance(Manager.class.getClassLoader(),
+                    new Class<?>[]{Manager.class},
+                    (proxy, method, args) -> {
+                        if (method.isDefault()) {
+                            return InvocationHandler.invokeDefault(proxy, method, args);
+                        }
+                        return switch (method.getName()) {
+                            case "getSelfNumber" -> number;
+                            case "getSelfACI" -> aci;
+                            case "getLinkedDevices" -> List.of();
+                            case "getGroups" -> groups;
+                            case "getGroup" -> groups.getFirst();
+                            case "getIdentities" -> identities;
+                            case "getRecipients" -> recipients;
+                            case "isContactBlocked" -> false;
+                            case "getContactOrProfileName" -> "Test contact";
+                            case "addAddressChangedListener" -> null;
+                            case "addClosedListener" -> {
+                                closedListeners.add((Runnable) args[0]);
+                                yield null;
+                            }
+                            case "close" -> {
+                                closedListeners.forEach(Runnable::run);
+                                closedListeners.clear();
+                                yield null;
+                            }
+                            case "addReceiveHandler" -> {
+                                receivers.add((Manager.ReceiveMessageHandler) args[0]);
+                                yield null;
+                            }
+                            case "removeReceiveHandler" -> {
+                                receivers.remove(args[0]);
+                                yield null;
+                            }
+                            case "sendMessage", "sendTypingMessage", "sendRemoteDeleteMessage",
+                                 "sendMessageReaction" -> {
+                                calls.add(new Call(method.getName(), List.of(args)));
+                                yield new SendMessageResults(42, Map.of());
+                            }
+                            case "hashCode" -> System.identityHashCode(proxy);
+                            case "equals" -> proxy == args[0];
+                            default -> throw new UnsupportedOperationException(method.getName());
+                        };
+                    });
+        }
+
+        private void emit(final MessageEnvelope envelope) {
+            receivers.forEach(receiver -> receiver.handleMessage(envelope, null));
+        }
+    }
+}